如何英語演講稿 模板1

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簡介：面對商場里五花八門的商品，你的選擇恐懼癥又犯了嗎? 美國哥倫比亞大學(xué)商學(xué)教授sheena iyengar研究如何讓你在做選擇時更容易。為了讓你的選擇省時省力，商家又會有哪些訣竅呢?

do you know how many choices you make in a typical day? do you know how many choices you make in typical week? i recently did a survey with over 2,000 americans, and the average number of choices that the typical american reports making is about 70 in a typical day. there was also recently a study done with ceos in which they followed ceos around for a whole week. and these scientists simply documented all the various tasks that these ceos engaged in and how much time they spent engaging in making decisions related to these tasks. and they found that the average ceo engaged in about 139 tasks in a week. each task was made up of many, many, many sub-choices of course. 50 percent of their decisions were made in nine minutes or less. only about 12 percent of the decisions did they make an hour or more of their time. think about your own choices. do you know how many choices make it into your nine minute category versus your one hour category? how well do you think you"re doing at managing those choices?

today i want to talk about one of the biggest modern day choosing problems that we have, which is the choice overload problem. i want to talk about the problem and some potential solutions. now as i talk about this problem, i"m going to have some questions for you and i"m going to want to know your answers. so when i ask you a question, since i"m blind, only raise your hand if you want to burn off some calories. (laughter) otherwise, when i ask you a question, and if your answer is yes, i"d like you to clap your hands. so for my first question for you today: are you guys ready to hear about the choice overload problem? (applause) thank you.

so when i was a graduate student at stanford university, i used to go to this very, very upscale grocery store; at least at that time it was truly upscale. it was a store called draeger"s. now this store, it was almost like going to an amusement park. they had 250 different kinds of mustards and vinegars and over 500 different kinds of fruits and vegetables and more than two dozen different kinds of bottled water -- and this was during a time when we actually used to drink tap water. i used to love going to this store, but on one occasion i asked myself, well how come you never buy anything? here"s their olive oil aisle. they had over 75 different kinds of olive oil, including those that were in a locked case that came from thousand-year-old olive trees.

so i one day decided to pay a visit to the manager, and i asked the manager, "is this model of offering people all this choice really working?" and he pointed to the busloads of tourists that would show up everyday, with cameras ready usually. we decided to do a little e_periment, and we picked jam for our e_periment. here"s their jam aisle. they had 348 different kinds of jam. we set up a little tasting booth right near the entrance of the store. we there put out si_ different flavors of jam or 24 different flavors of jam, and we looked at two things: first, in which case were people more likely to stop, sample some jam? more people stopped when there were 24, about 60 percent, than when there were si_, about 40 percent. the ne_t thing we looked at is in which case were people more likely to buy a jar of jam. now we see the opposite effect. of the people who stopped when there were 24, only three percent of them actually bought a jar of jam. of the people who stopped when there were si_, well now we saw that 30 percent of them actually bought a jar of jam. now if you do the math, people were at least si_ times more likely to buy a jar of jam if they encountered si_ than if they encountered 24.

now choosing not to buy a jar of jam is probably good for us -- at least it"s good for our waistlines -- but it turns out that this choice overload problem affects us even in very consequential decisions. we choose not to choose, even when it goes against our best self-interests. so now for the topic of today: financial savings. now i"m going to describe to you a study i did with gur huberman, emir kamenica, wei jang where we looked at the retirement savings decisions of nearly a million americans from about 650 plans all in the u.s. and what we looked at was whether the number of fund offerings available in a retirement savings plan, the 401(k) plan, does that affect people"s likelihood to save more for tomorrow. and what we found was that indeed there was a correlation. so in these plans, we had about 657 plans that ranged from offering people anywhere from two to 59 different fund offerings. and what we found was that, the more funds offered, indeed, there was less participation rate.

so if you look at the e_tremes, those plans that offered you two funds, participation rates were around in the mid-70s -- still not as high as we want it to be. in those plans that offered nearly 60 funds, participation rates have now dropped to about the 60th percentile. now it turns out that even if you do choose to participate when there are more choices present, even then, it has negative consequences. so for those people who did choose to participate, the more choices available, the more likely people were to completely avoid stocks or equity funds. the more choices available, the more likely they were to put all their money in pure money market accounts. now neither of these e_treme decisions are the kinds of decisions that any of us would recommend for people when you"re considering their future financial well-being.

well, over the past decade, we have observed three main negative consequences to offering people more and more choices. they"re more likely to delay choosing -- procrastinate even when it goes against their best self-interest. they"re more likely to make worse choices -- worse financial choices, medical choices. they"re more likely to choose things that make them less satisfied, even when they do objectively better. the main reason for this is because, we might enjoy gazing at those giant walls of mayonnaises, mustards, vinegars, jams, but we can"t actually do the math of comparing and contrasting and actually picking from that stunning display. so what i want to propose to you today are four simple techniques -- techniques that we have tested in one way or another in different research venues -- that you can easily apply in your businesses.

the first: cut. you"ve heard it said before, but it"s never been more true than today, that less is more. people are always upset when i say, "cut." they"re always worried they"re going to lose shelf space. but in fact, what we"re seeing more and more is that if you are willing to cut, get rid of those e_traneous redundant options, well there"s an increase in sales, there"s a lowering of costs, there is an improvement of the choosing e_perience. when proctor & gamble went from 26 different kinds of head & shoulders to 15, they saw an increase in sales by 10 percent. when the golden cat corporation got rid of their 10 worst-selling cat litter products, they saw an increase in profits by 87 percent -- a function of both increase in sales and lowering of costs. you know, the average grocery store today offers you 45,000 products. the typical walmart today offers you 100,000 products. but the ninth largest retailer, the ninth biggest retailer in the world today is aldi, and it offers you only 1,400 products -- one kind of canned tomato sauce.

now in the financial savings world, i think one of the best e_amples that has recently come out on how to best manage the choice offerings has actually been something that david laibson was heavily involved in designing, which was the program that they have at harvard. every single harvard employee is now automatically enrolled in a lifecycle fund. for those people who actually want to choose, they"re given 20 funds, not 300 or more funds. you know, often, people say, "i don"t know how to cut. they"re all important choices." and the first thing i do is i ask the employees, "tell me how these choices are different from one another. and if your employees can"t tell them apart, neither can your consumers."

now before we started our session this afternoon, i had a chat with gary. and gary said that he would be willing to offer people in this audience an all-e_penses-paid free vacation to the most beautiful road in the world. here"s a description of the road. and i"d like you to read it. and now i"ll give you a few seconds to read it and then i want you to clap your hands if you"re ready to take gary up on his offer. (light clapping) okay. anybody who"s ready to take him up on his offer. is that all? all right, let me show you some more about this. (laughter) you guys knew there was a trick, didn"t you. (honk) now who"s ready to go on this trip. (applause) (laughter) i think i might have actually heard more hands.

all right. now in fact, you had objectively more information the first time around than the second time around, but i would venture to guess that you felt that it was more real the second time around. because the pictures made it feel more real to you. which brings me to the second technique for handling the choice overload problem, which is concretization. that in order for people to understand the differences between the choices, they have to be able to understand the consequences associated with each choice, and that the consequences need to be felt in a vivid sort of way, in a very concrete way. why do people spend an average of 15 to 30 percent more when they use an atm card or a credit card as opposed to cash? because it doesn"t feel like real money. and it turns out that making it feel more concrete can actually be a very positive tool to use in getting people to save more.

so a study that i did with shlomo benartzi and alessandro previtero, we did a study with people at ing -- employees that are all working at ing -- and now these people were all in a session where they"re doing enrollment for their 401(k) plan. and during that session, we kept the session e_actly the way it used to be, but we added one little thing. the one little thing we added was we asked people to just think about all the positive things that would happen in your life if you saved more. by doing that simple thing, there was an increase in enrollment by 20 percent and there was an increase in the amount of people willing to save or the amount that they were willing to put down into their savings account by four percent.

the third technique: categorization. we can handle more categories than we can handle choices. so for e_ample, here"s a study we did in a magazine aisle. it turns out that in wegmans grocery stores up and down the northeast corridor, the magazine aisles range anywhere from 331 different kinds of magazines all the way up to 664. but you know what? if i show you 600 magazines and i divide them up into 10 categories, versus i show you 400 magazines and divide them up into 20 categories, you believe that i have given you more choice and a better choosing e_perience if i gave you the 400 than if i gave you the 600. because the categories tell me how to tell them apart.

here are two different jewelry displays. one is called "jazz" and the other one is called "swing." if you think the display on the left is swing and the display on the right is jazz, clap your hands. (light clapping) okay, there"s some. if you think the one on the left is jazz and the one on the right is swing, clap your hands. okay, a bit more. now it turns out you"re right. the one on the left is jazz and the one on the right is swing, but you know what? this is a highly useless categorization scheme. (laughter) the categories need to say something to the chooser, not the choice-maker. and you often see that problem when it comes down to those long lists of all these funds. who are they actually supposed to be informing?

my fourth technique: condition for comple_ity. it turns out we can actually handle a lot more information than we think we can, we"ve just got to take it a little easier. we have to gradually increase the comple_ity. i"m going to show you one e_ample of what i"m talking about. let"s take a very, very complicated decision: buying a car. here"s a german car manufacturer that gives you the opportunity to completely custom make your car. you"ve got to make 60 different decisions, completely make up your car. now these decisions vary in the number of choices that they offer per decision. car colors, e_terior car colors -- i"ve got 56 choices. engines, gearshift -- four choices. so now what i"m going to do is i"m going to vary the order in which these decisions appear. so half of the customers are going to go from high choice, 56 car colors, to low choice, four gearshifts. the other half of the customers are going to go from low choice, four gearshifts, to 56 car colors, high choice.

what am i going to look at? how engaged you are. if you keep hitting the default button per decision, that means you"re getting overwhelmed, that means i"m losing you. what you find is the people who go from high choice to low choice, they"re hitting that default button over and over and over again. we"re losing them. they go from low choice to high choice, they"re hanging in there. it"s the same information. it"s the same number of choices. the only thing that i have done is i have varied the order in which that information is presented. if i start you off easy, i learn how to choose. even though choosing gearshift doesn"t tell me anything about my preferences for interior decor, it still prepares me for how to choose. it also gets me e_cited about this big product that i"m putting together, so i"m more willing to be motivated to be engaged.

so let me recap. i have talked about four techniques for mitigating the problem of choice overload -- cut -- get rid of the e_traneous alternatives; concretize -- make it real; categorize -- we can handle more categories, less choices; condition for comple_ity. all of these techniques that i"m describing to you today are designed to help you manage your choices -- better for you, you can use them on yourself, better for the people that you are serving. because i believe that the key to getting the most from choice is to be choosy about choosing. and the more we"re able to be choosy about choosing the better we will be able to practice the art of choosing.

thank you very much.

(applause)

如何英語演講稿 模板2

閱讀小貼士：模板2共計602個字，預(yù)計閱讀時長2分鐘。朗讀需要4分鐘，中速朗讀5分鐘，在莊重嚴肅場合朗讀需要6分鐘，有160位用戶喜歡。

ladies and gentlemen。

i"d like to welcome everyone。

i"m here to teach you how to say no。

i use to be a "yes person。"

i thought it was impolite to say no。

i was a chronic "people-pleaser。"

i finally came to my senses。

i found the courage to be honest!

let me tell you now what i learned。

first，you must face reality。

you can"t say yes to every request!

you must realize it"s impossible!

you can"t be everywhere at once!

you can"t do everything all the time。

you"ll fail or go crazy for sure。

you can"t do too much!

you can"t bite off more than you can chew!

sometimes you have to say no

second，just tell the truth。

just be totally honest。

the truth will set you free!

always tell it like it is。

nobody is perfect。

nobody can please everyone every day。

show courage and character。

show wisdom and maturity。

don"t be afraid to say no。

third，just refuse politely。

just communicate clearly。

be sincere and sympathetic。

just look the person in the eye。

just slowly shake your head。

say，"i"d like to say yes but i can"t。"

a true friend will understand。

a kind person can handle it ok。

only a selfish few will get upset。

fourth，don"t feel guilty。

don"t beat yourself up。

don"t let saying no upset you。

you"re dong the right thing。

you"re doing the smart thing。

you"re saving yourself lots of trouble。

sometimes you have to do it。

sometimes you have no choice。

refusing favors is part of life。

in conclusion，just do it!

just practice saying no。

memorize the following rejections。

i"m so sorry。

i have to say no。

i have no time today。

now，i have to go。

now，i must say no。

sorry，no more for today。(thank you。)

如何英語演講稿 模板3

閱讀小貼士：模板3共計6605個字，預(yù)計閱讀時長17分鐘。朗讀需要34分鐘，中速朗讀45分鐘，在莊重嚴肅場合朗讀需要61分鐘，有199位用戶喜歡。

演說題目：how your brain decides what is beautiful

演說者：anjan chatterjee

it"s 1878. sir francis galton gives aremarkable talk. he"s speaking to the anthropologic institute of great britainand ireland. known for his pioneering work in human intelligence, galton is abrilliant polymath. he"s an e_plorer, an anthropologist, a sociologist, apsychologist and a statistician. he"s also a eugenist.

1878 年，弗朗西斯高爾頓爵士 做了一場非凡的演說。演說的對象是英國 與愛爾蘭的人類學(xué)機構(gòu)。高爾頓以他在人類智慧領(lǐng)域的先驅(qū)工作聞名，他是個博學(xué)的人。他是個探險家、是個人類學(xué)家、是個社會學(xué)家、是個心理學(xué)家、也是個統(tǒng)計學(xué)家。他還是個優(yōu)生學(xué)家。

in this talk, hepresents a new technique by which he can combine photographs and producecomposite portraits. this technique could be used to characterize differenttypes of people. galton thinks that if he combines photographs of violentcriminals, he will discover the face of criminality. but to his surprise, thecomposite portrait that he produces is beautiful.

在那場演說中，他展示了一項新技術(shù)，他可以把照片結(jié)合產(chǎn)生出復(fù)合的肖像。這項技術(shù)可以用來 描繪不同類型人的特色。高爾頓認為，如果他可以把 暴力罪犯的照片結(jié)合起來，他也許就能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)罪犯的面貌。但，出乎他意料，他制作出的復(fù)合肖像竟然很美。

galton"s surprising finding raises deep questions:what is beauty? why do certain configurations of line and color and form e_citeus so? for most of human history, these questions have been approached usinglogic and speculation. but in the last few decades, scientists have addressedthe question of beauty using ideas from evolutionary psychology and tools ofneuroscience. we"re beginning to glimpse the why and the how of beauty, atleast in terms of what it means for the human face and form. and in theprocess, we"re stumbling upon some surprises.

高爾頓的意外發(fā)現(xiàn)，帶出了更深的問題： 美，到底是什么? 為什么將線條、顏色、形式 做某些配置之后就能感動我們? 在大部份的人類史上，人們都用邏輯和推測來處理這些問題。但在最近幾十年，科學(xué)家在處理關(guān)于美的問題時，用的是來自演化心理學(xué)的想法 以及神經(jīng)科學(xué)的工具。我們開始研究美的定義與成因，至少對臉部及外型 已經(jīng)開始有了審美的概念。在過程中，我們偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些驚喜。

when it comes to seeing beauty in eachother, while this decision is certainly subjective for the individual, it"ssculpted by factors that contribute to the survival of the group. manye_periments have shown that a few basic parameters contribute to what makes aface attractive. these include averaging, symmetry and the effects of hormones.let"s take each one of these in turn.

談到互看順眼時，對個人而言，其審美標(biāo)準 絕對是主觀的，原因是因為這樣對 團體的生存有所貢獻。許多實驗都顯示，有幾個基本參數(shù)與臉孔的吸引力有關(guān)。這些參數(shù)包括大眾臉、對稱性、以及荷爾蒙的影響。我們一項一項來討論。

galton"s finding that composite or averagefaces are typically more attractive than each individual face that contributes tothe average has been replicated many times. this laboratory finding fits withmany people"s intuitions. average faces represent the central tendencies of agroup. people with mi_ed features represent different populations, andpresumably harbor greater genetic diversity and adaptability to theenvironment. many people find mi_ed-race individuals attractive and inbredfamilies less so.

高爾頓發(fā)現(xiàn)，混血兒或有大眾臉的人 通常比一般單一血種的后代 更具吸引力。這個實驗室的發(fā)現(xiàn)，與許多人的直覺不謀而合。一般人的面孔代表了一個團體的主要傾向。有混血特征的人，代表著不同的族群，也被認定有著更高的 基因多樣性、以及對環(huán)境的適應(yīng)力。許多人覺得混血兒的臉孔 是較有吸引力的，而近親交配的家庭就比較沒吸引力。

the second factor that contributes tobeauty is symmetry. people generally find symmetric faces more attractive thanasymmetric ones. developmental abnormalities are often associated withasymmetries. and in plants, animals and humans, asymmetries often arise fromparasitic infections. symmetry, it turns out, is also an indicator of health.

與美有關(guān)的第二個因子是對稱性。一般來說，人們覺得對稱的面孔 比不對稱的更有吸引力。不正常的成長通常都與不對稱有關(guān)。植物、動物、及人類，造成不對稱的原因通常是受到寄生蟲的感染。因此，對稱性 也是健康的指標(biāo)。

in the 1930s, a man named maksymilian faktorowicz recognized the importance ofsymmetry for beauty when he designed the beauty micrometer. with this device,he could measure minor asymmetric flaws which he could then make up for withproducts he sold from his company, named brilliantly after himself, ma_ factor,which, as you know, is one of the world"s most famous brands for "makeup."

在 1930 年代，有個叫蜜斯米蘭佛陀維茲的人，當(dāng)時他在設(shè)計美容校準儀時，體認到對稱性對于美的重要性，有了這個儀器，他可以測量出微小的對稱瑕疵，接著他就可以用他公司所販賣的產(chǎn)品來補救，并很聰明地把他的名字取其諧音 作為公司的名稱，蜜絲佛陀，各位應(yīng)該知道，它是世界知名的 化妝品公司之一。

the third factor that contributes to facialattractiveness is the effect of hormones. and here, i need to apologize forconfining my comments to heterose_ual norms. but estrogen and testosterone playimportant roles in shaping features that we find attractive. estrogen producesfeatures that signal fertility.

與臉部吸引力有關(guān)的第三個因子是 荷爾蒙的影響力。在此我得道個歉，因為我的意見 僅限于異性戀的標(biāo)準上。但在形成被我們認為有吸引力的那些特征上，雌激素和睪丸素扮演了重要的角色。雌激素產(chǎn)生的特征會傳達出生育力。

men typically find women attractive who haveelements of both youth and maturity. a face that"s too baby-like might meanthat the girl is not yet fertile, so men find women attractive who have largeeyes, full lips and narrow chins as indicators of youth, and high cheekbones asan indicator of maturity.

男人通常會覺得，同時俱有 年輕和成熟元素的女人 很有吸引力。太幼齒的面孔可能代表著 這個女孩還沒有生育能力，所以能吸引男人的女人通常有大眼睛、豐唇、窄下巴，這些都是年輕的指標(biāo); 而高顴骨則是成熟的指標(biāo)。

testosterone produces features that weregard as typically masculine. these include heavier brows, thinner cheeks andbigger, squared-off jaws. but here"s a fascinating irony. in many species, ifanything, testosterone suppresses the immune system. so the idea thattestosterone-infused features are a fitness indicator doesn"t really make awhole lot of sense. here, the logic is turned on its head. instead of a fitnessindicator, scientists invoke a handicap principle.

睪丸素產(chǎn)生的特征，通常會被我們 認定為很有男子氣概。這些特征包括濃眉、瘦臉頰、較大且方形的下頜。但這里有個很迷人的諷刺。在許多物種中，睪丸素的增加反而會抑制免疫系統(tǒng)。所以認為睪丸素 所賦予的特征是強健的指針，其實不是很有道理。在這里，邏輯被顛覆了?？茖W(xué)家提出了一條 生理缺陷原則，指出睪丸素并非強健的指標(biāo)。

the most commonly cited e_ample of ahandicap is the peacock"s tail. this beautiful but cumbersome tail doesn"te_actly help the peacock avoid predators and approach peahens. why should suchan e_travagant appendage evolve? even charles darwin, in an 1860 letter to asagray wrote that the sight of the peacock"s tail made him physically ill. hecouldn"t e_plain it with his theory of natural selection, and out of thisfrustration, he developed the theory of se_ual selection.

最常被引用的生理缺陷例子，就是孔雀的尾巴。這美麗但累贅的尾巴 并不能幫助雄孔雀 避開獵食者，也不方便接近雌孔雀。為什么這種奢華的附屬品會被演化出來? 即使達爾文，在 1860 年寫給 阿薩格雷的信上也提到，看見孔雀尾巴會讓他 感到身理上的不舒服。他無法用他的天擇說來解釋原因，出于這挫折，他發(fā)展出了性擇說。

on this account, the display of thepeacock"s tail is about se_ual enticement, and this enticement means it"s morelikely the peacock will mate and have offspring. now, the modern twist on thisdisplay argument is that the peacock is also advertising its health to thepeahen. only especially fit organisms can afford to divert resources to maintainingsuch an e_travagant appendage. only especially fit men can afford the pricethat testosterone levies on their immune system. and by analogy, think of thefact that only very rich men can afford to pay more than $10,000 for a watch asa display of their financial fitness.

由于這個原因，孔雀展示尾巴的目的是性誘惑，這種誘惑意味著這孔雀 很可能想交配、想生育后代。換個現(xiàn)代的角度想，雄孔雀是在向雌孔雀展現(xiàn)牠的健康。只有特別強健的有機體才有資格傳宗接代，并保有這奢華的附屬物。只有特別健康的人，才承擔(dān)得起睪丸素 抑制免疫系統(tǒng)的風(fēng)險。舉個類似的現(xiàn)實例子，只有超級富翁才有能力買支 超過一萬美金的手表，來彰顯他們的經(jīng)濟實力。

now, many people hear these kinds ofevolutionary claims and think they mean that we somehow are unconsciouslyseeking mates who are healthy. and i think this idea is probably not right.teenagers and young adults are not e_actly known for making decisions that arepredicated on health concerns. but they don"t have to be, and let me e_plainwhy.

許多人聽到這類的演化主張，就會想，是不是這個原因，我們?nèi)祟悤乱庾R地 去尋找健康的配偶。我認為這個想法可能不太對。青少年和年輕人容易被看上的原因，并不完全是他們健康條件上的優(yōu)勢。他們也不想這樣，讓我來解釋原因。

imagine a population in which people havethree different kinds of preferences: for green, for orange and for red. fromtheir point of view, these preferences have nothing to do with health; theyjust like what they like.

想象有一個族群，族群中的人有三種偏好： 有人偏好綠色、有人偏好橘色、有人偏好紅色。從他們的觀點，這些偏好與健康無關(guān); 他們就是喜歡這顏色。

but if it were also the case that these preferencesare associated with the different likelihood of producing offspring -- let"ssay in a ratio of 3:2:1 -- then in the first generation, there would be 3greens to 2 oranges to 1 red, and in each subsequent generation, the proportionof greens increase, so that in 10 generations, 98 percent of this populationhas a green preference.

但如果我們?nèi)祟悓@些顏色偏好的比率 也剛好與產(chǎn)生后代的有關(guān)…... 假設(shè)原來的比率是 3:2:1…...那么，在第一代中，會有三個綠色、兩個橘色、一個紅色。在后續(xù)的每個世代中，喜歡綠色的比例會增加，在十代之后，這個族群中就有 98% 的人都偏好綠色。

now, a scientist coming in and sampling this populationdiscovers that green preferences are universal. so the point about this littleabstract e_ample is that while preferences for specific physical features canbe arbitrary for the individual, if those features are heritable and they areassociated with a reproductive advantage, over time, they become universal forthe group.

現(xiàn)在來了一個科學(xué)家，對這個族群進行抽樣，發(fā)現(xiàn)對綠色的偏好是很普遍的。這個小小的純理論例子的重點是，雖然對于特定身體特征的偏好可能是因人而異的，但如果那些特征是有遺傳性的，而且與繁殖優(yōu)勢有關(guān)聯(lián)的話，隨時間過去，這些特征就會變成團體的普遍現(xiàn)象。

so what happens in the brain when we seebeautiful people? attractive faces activate parts of our visual corte_ in theback of the brain, an area called the fusiform gyrus, that is especially tunedto processing faces, and an adjacent area called the lateral occipital comple_,that is especially attuned to processing objects.

所以，當(dāng)我們看見美麗的人時，頭腦中會發(fā)生什么變化? 有吸引力的臉孔會觸發(fā) 我們的部份視覺皮層，它位在大腦的后方，這個區(qū)域叫做梭狀回，專門用來處理臉孔信息，還有一個相鄰的區(qū)域，叫側(cè)枕葉復(fù)合體，它是特別用來處理對象信息的。

in addition, attractive facesactivate parts of our reward and pleasure centers in the front and deep in thebrain, and these include areas that have complicated names, like the ventralstriatum, the orbitofrontal corte_ and the ventromedial prefrontal corte_. ourvisual brain that is tuned to processing faces interacts with our pleasurecenters to underpin the e_perience of beauty.

此外，具吸引力的臉孔會觸發(fā)位在我們大腦前方深處的 獎賞與快感中樞，包括一些名稱復(fù)雜的區(qū)域，比如腹側(cè)紋狀體、眼眶額葉皮質(zhì)、及腹內(nèi)側(cè)額葉。我們用來處理臉孔的視覺大腦 會和我們的快感中樞互動，強化對美感的體驗。

amazingly, while we all engage with beauty,without our knowledge, beauty also engages us. our brains respond to attractivefaces even when we"re not thinking about beauty. we conducted an e_periment inwhich people saw a series of faces, and in one condition, they had to decide ifa pair of faces were the same or a different person.

但驚人的是，當(dāng)我們「遇見」美麗時，卻不知道，美麗同時也「遇見」了我們。即使我們沒有想著美，我們的大腦卻會對 有吸引力的臉孔做出反應(yīng)。我們做了一個實驗，讓人們看一系列的臉孔，在一個條件下，他們得要判定一對臉孔是否屬于同一個人。

even in this condition,attractive faces drove neural activity robustly in their visual corte_, despitethe fact that they were thinking about a person"s identity and not theirbeauty. another group similarly found automatic responses to beauty within ourpleasure centers. taken together, these studies suggest that our brainautomatically responds to beauty by linking vision and pleasure. these beauty detectors,it seems, ping every time we see beauty, regardless of whatever else we mightbe thinking.

即使在這個情況中，有吸引力的臉孔會明顯地驅(qū)動 受測者視覺皮層的神經(jīng)活動，盡管當(dāng)時他們在想的是人的身份，而不是他們美不美。另一群人也有類似發(fā)現(xiàn)，在我們的快感中樞里，我們對美會有自動的反應(yīng)。整體來看，這些研究指出，我們的大腦會藉由視覺和快感的鏈接對美會自動的反應(yīng)，似乎，每回當(dāng)我們看到美時，這些對美有反應(yīng)的偵測器就會響起，不論我們當(dāng)時在想什么其它的事。

we also have a "beauty is good"stereotype embedded in the brain. within the orbitofrontal corte_, there"soverlapping neural activity in response to beauty and to goodness, and thishappens even when people aren"t e_plicitly thinking about beauty or goodness.our brains seem to refle_ively associate beauty and good. and this refle_iveassociation may be the biologic trigger for the many social effects of beauty.attractive people receive all kinds of advantages in life. they"re regarded asmore intelligent, more trustworthy, they"re given higher pay and lesserpunishments, even when such judgments are not warranted.

我們腦中也內(nèi)建了一個 「美等于好」的刻板印象。在眼眶額葉皮質(zhì)中，對于「美」及「好」 所造成的神經(jīng)活動反應(yīng) 是有重迭性的，即使人們沒有特別去想著美或好，也會發(fā)生。我們的大腦似乎會反射性地把美與好連結(jié)在一起。社會上因「美」而產(chǎn)生的回饋，其背后的關(guān)聯(lián)性可能就是 這些生物觸發(fā)器在驅(qū)動。有吸引力的人，在人生中有各種優(yōu)勢。他們會被視為比較聰明，比較值得信賴，他們會比較高薪、比較少受懲罰，即使這類的判斷是沒根據(jù)的。

these kinds of observations reveal beauty"sugly side. in my lab, we recently found that people with minor facial anomaliesand disfigurements are regarded as less good, less kind, less intelligent, lesscompetent and less hardworking. unfortunately, we also have a "disfiguredis bad" stereotype. this stereotype is probably e_ploited and magnified byimages in popular media, in which facial disfigurement is often used as ashorthand to depict someone of villainous character. we need to understandthese kinds of implicit biases if we are to overcome them and aim for a societyin which we treat people fairly, based on their behavior and not on thehappenstance of their looks.

觀察到這種現(xiàn)象 也揭露出美的丑陋面。在我的實驗室中，我們最近發(fā)現(xiàn) 有輕微面部異常及缺損的人，會被認為比較不好、比較不仁慈、比較不聰明、比較沒能力、且比較不努力。不幸的是，我們也有「缺損等于不好」的刻板印象。大眾媒體的影像可能會利用和放大 這種刻板印象，他們常用「面部缺損」 這種簡單的描繪方式 來形容反派人物。我們需要了解這類的暗示性偏見，才有可能克服它們，并朝向一個能平等待人的社會邁進，不要只是看一個人的外表就斷定人的好壞。

let me leave you with one final thought.beauty is a work in progress. the so-called universal attributes of beauty wereselected for during the almost two million years of the pleistocene. life wasnasty, brutish and a very long time ago. the selection criteria forreproductive success from that time doesn"t really apply today.

讓我留給各位一個最后的思考。美的定義還在改變。所謂放諸四海皆準的美的特征 是從幾乎兩百萬年的 「更新世」所挑選出來的。那時生命很糟糕、很粗野、很古早。當(dāng)時能繁衍成功的選擇標(biāo)準在現(xiàn)今并不適用。

for e_ample, death by parasite is not oneof the top ways that people die, at least not in the technologically developedworld. from antibiotics to surgery, birth control to in vitro fertilization,the filters for reproductive success are being rela_ed. and under these rela_edconditions, preference and trait combinations are free to drift and become morevariable. even as we are profoundly affecting our environment, modern medicineand technological innovation is profoundly affecting the very essence of whatit means to look beautiful. the universal nature of beauty is changing even aswe"re changing the universe.

比如，因寄生蟲而造成死亡 并不是人類前幾名的死因，至少在技術(shù)發(fā)達的世界中不是。從抗生素到手術(shù)，從生育控制到試管授精，繁殖成功的過濾器已經(jīng)被放寬了。在這些放寬的條件下，偏好與特性的組合可以自由搭配，也變得更多樣性。即使我們會深深影響我們的環(huán)境，現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)及技術(shù)創(chuàng)新會深深影響著 我們對美的定義。即使我們正在改變?nèi)澜?，普世價值對美的定義也在改變。

thank you.(applause)

謝謝大家。(掌聲)

如何英語演講稿 模板4

閱讀小貼士：模板4共計4378個字，預(yù)計閱讀時長11分鐘。朗讀需要22分鐘，中速朗讀30分鐘，在莊重嚴肅場合朗讀需要40分鐘，有138位用戶喜歡。

66歲創(chuàng)業(yè)成功，如何做到?

演講者：paul tasner

i"d like to take you back about seven years in my life. friday afternoon, a few days before christmas 20__. i was the director of operations at a consumer products company in san francisco, and i was called into a meeting that was already in progress. that meeting turned out to be my e_it interview. i was fired, along with several others.

我想帶你們回到我大約7年前的生活。那是20__年圣誕節(jié)前幾天一個周五的下午，當(dāng)時的我是舊金山 一家消費品公司的運營總監(jiān)。我被叫進一個正在進行的會議。我發(fā)現(xiàn)這場會議是我的離職面談。和其他的幾個人一樣，我被解雇了。

i was 64 years old at the time. it wasn"t completely une_pected. i signed a stack of papers,gathered my personal effects, and left to join my wife who was waiting for me at a nearby restaurant,completely unaware. fast-forward several hours, we both got really silly drunk.

那時我64歲。這并不完全出乎我的意料。我簽了一堆的文件，收拾了一下自己的東西，就去找我的妻子了，她在附近的一個小飯店里等我，但對此毫不知情。幾個小時很快過去了，我們都喝得伶仃大醉。

so, 40 plus years of continuous employment for a variety of companies, large and small, was over. i had a good a network, a good reputation -- i thought i"d be just fine. i was an engineer in manufacturing and packaging. i had a good background. retirement was, like for so many people, simply not an option for me.so i turned to consulting for the ne_t couple of years without any passion whatsoever.

就這樣，40多年在各個公司間顛沛流離的職業(yè)生涯結(jié)束了。我擁有很好的朋友圈，人緣也不錯我以為這沒什么大不了的。我曾經(jīng)是個工作于制造業(yè)和包裝業(yè)的工程師。我有很好的從業(yè)背景，跟很多人一樣，退休對我來說，也算不上是一種選擇。于是在接下來的幾年中我一直做著咨詢工作，卻沒有什么激情。

and then an idea began to take root, born from my concern for our environment. i wanted to build my own business, designing and manufacturing biodegradable packaging from waste -- paper, agricultural, even te_tile waste -- replacing the to_ic, disposable plastic packaging to which we"ve all become addicted.

然而后來因為我對環(huán)境的關(guān)心，我產(chǎn)生了一個新的想法。我想要建立自己的公司，從廢物中設(shè)計并生產(chǎn) 能進行生物降解的包裝，用以廢紙、作物，甚至是紡織廢料為原料所制造的包裝，取代那些人類越來越依賴的，有毒的一次性塑料包裝。

this is called clean technology, and it felt really meaningful to me. a venture that could help to reduce the billions of pounds of single-use plastic packaging dumped each year and polluting our land, our rivers and our oceans, and left for future generations to resolve -- our grandchildren, my grandchildren.

這被稱作清潔技術(shù)。它對我而言意義非凡。這家公司每年能幫助減少數(shù)十億磅污染我們的土地、河流和海洋的一次性塑料包裝，它們也會給我們的子孫后代造成困擾—— 我們的孫輩，我的孫輩。

and so now at the age of 66, with 40 years of e_perience, i became an entrepreneur for the very first time.thank you. but there"s more.

現(xiàn)在我66歲，有著40年的工作經(jīng)驗，第一次成為了一名企業(yè)家。謝謝。但不僅如此。

lots of issues to deal with: manufacturing, outsourcing, job creation, patents, partnerships, funding -- these are all typical issues for a start-up, but hardly typical for me. and a word about funding. i live and work in san francisco. and if you"re looking for funding, you are typically going to compete with some very young peoplefrom the high-tech industry, and it can be very discouraging and intimidating. i have shoes older than most of these people.

很多事情有待解決： 生產(chǎn)，外包，招聘，專利，合伙人，資金—— 這些都是創(chuàng)業(yè)者面臨的典型問題，但對我而言并非如此。順帶說下資金。我在舊金山居住和工作。如果你要尋找資金，那你一般要與一些從事著高科技工作的年輕人競爭，這很令人喪氣和膽怯。我穿的鞋年頭都比 這些人年紀還要大。

i do.

確實如此。

but five years later, i"m thrilled and proud to share with you that our revenues have doubled every year, we have no debt, we have several marquee clients, our patent was issued, i have a wonderful partner who"s been with me right from the beginning, and we"ve won more than 20 awards for the work that we"ve done.but best of all, we"ve made a small dent -- a very small dent -- in the worldwide plastic pollution crisis.

但五年過去了，我可以興奮且自豪的告訴大家，我們的收入每年倍增，沒有外債，還有一些重要的客戶，專利申請也通過了。我有一個很棒的合伙人，他從最初就和我一起創(chuàng)業(yè)，我們的工作已經(jīng)獲得了超過20個獎項。不過最好的是，我們緩解了—— 微不足道地緩解了—— 世界塑料污染危機。

and i am doing the most rewarding and meaningful work of my life right now. i can tell you there"s lots of resources available to entrepreneurs of all ages, but what i really yearned for five years ago was to find other first-time entrepreneurs who were my age. i wanted to connect with them. i had no role models, absolutely none. that 20-something app developer from silicon valley was not my role model.

而我現(xiàn)在做著一生中 回報最為豐厚、最有意義的工作。我可以告訴大家，對各個年齡階段的 企業(yè)家，都有很多可利用的資源。但過去五年我最渴望的事情是找到其他與我同齡的，第一次創(chuàng)業(yè)的 企業(yè)家，我想和他們?nèi)〉寐?lián)系。那時我沒有可以參考的榜樣，完全沒有。硅谷那位20多歲的應(yīng)用程序開發(fā)者可不是我的榜樣。

i"m sure he was very clever --i want to do something about that, and i want all of us to do something about that. i want us to start talking more about people who don"t become entrepreneurs until they are seniors. talking about these bold men and women who are checking in when their peers, in essence, are checking out. and then connecting all these people across industries, across regions, across countries -- building a community.

我確信他很聰明。所以，我想改變一下現(xiàn)狀，我希望所有人都可以有所行動。我希望我們可以更多的談?wù)?那些直到老年才成為企業(yè)家的人。多談?wù)撨@些勇敢的人，當(dāng)他們的同齡人退休時，他們才開始正式入行。然后，將所有這些跨行業(yè)、跨地區(qū)、跨國家的人聯(lián)合起來，組成一個社區(qū)。

you know, the small business administration tells us that 64 percent of new jobs created in the private sector in the usa are thanks to small businesses like mine. and who"s to say that we"ll stay forever small?we have an interesting culture that really e_pects when you reach a certain age, you"re going to be golfing, or playing checkers, or babysitting the grandkids all of the time.

小企業(yè)管理局數(shù)據(jù)顯示 在美國，64%的私企提供的新崗位 是像我這樣的小企業(yè)創(chuàng)造的。并且誰敢說，我們會一直維持這個規(guī)模?我們有個有趣的文化，當(dāng)你到了一定的年齡，就得去打高爾夫、下棋、 照顧孫子，在這些方面傾注所有。

and i adore my grandchildren --and i"m also passionate about doing something meaningful in the global marketplace.

我很愛我的孫輩。可我也充滿了熱忱，希望為全球市場貢獻自己的一份力量。

and i"m going to have lots of company. the census bureau says that by 2050, there will be 84 million seniors in this country. that"s an amazing number. that"s almost twice as many as we have today. can you imagine how many first-time entrepreneurs there will be among 84 million people? and they"ll all have four decades of e_perience.

我還會開很多公司。美國人口普查局表示，到2050年，美國會有8400萬老年人。這個數(shù)字非常驚人，幾乎是現(xiàn)在的兩倍。可以想象，到時候在 這8400萬人中會有多少首次創(chuàng)業(yè)者嗎?他們都有40年的工作經(jīng)驗。

so when i say, "let"s start talking more about these wonderful entrepreneurs," i mean, let"s talk about their ventures, just as we do the ventures of their much younger counterparts. the older entrepreneurs in this country have a 70 percent success rate starting new ventures. 70 percent success rate. we"re like the golden state warriors of entrepreneurs --

所以，當(dāng)我說"讓我們更多的 談?wù)撨@些優(yōu)秀的企業(yè)家，" 我的意思是，讓我們談?wù)撍麄兊拿半U精神，就像我們談?wù)撃切?年輕創(chuàng)業(yè)者的冒險精神一樣。在美國，年長的創(chuàng)業(yè)者 有70%的成功機會去 建立新的事業(yè)。70%的成功機會。我們就像創(chuàng)業(yè)者中的金州勇士 (美國西部職業(yè)籃球隊)一樣。

and that number plummets to 28 percent for younger entrepreneurs. this is according to a uk-based group called cmi.

而在年輕人中，這個數(shù)字只有28%。這是一家英國組織cmi公布的數(shù)據(jù)。

aren"t the accomplishments of a 70-year-old entrepreneur every bit as meaningful, every bit as newsworthy,as the accomplishments of a 30-year-old entrepreneur? of course they are. that"s why i"d like to make the phrase "70 over 70" just as --just as commonplace as the phrase "30 under 30."

難道一個70歲創(chuàng)業(yè)者的成就 不同樣有意義，同樣有新聞價值嗎?和一個30歲的創(chuàng)業(yè)者沒什么不同。當(dāng)然應(yīng)該是這樣。這也是我為何要用 這個詞"70大杰出老人"——就像大家通用的"30大杰出青年"一樣。

thank you.

謝謝大家。

《66歲創(chuàng)業(yè)成功，如何做到》觀后感

看完視頻后，我覺得我們現(xiàn)在過得太安逸，太幸福了，沒有一絲絲的危機感，對自己的要求不高，成長的速度的太慢了，相比別人吃的苦，我們吃的哪里是苦呢?該認真地反省自己了。

來了公司3年多的時間，我一直問自己，自己給公司帶來什么樣的價值，自己價值是否得以實現(xiàn)，我們總是希望從公司獲得更多，但是總是不懂得感恩，不懂得回饋，這樣公司能夠良性循環(huán)嗎?從你選擇這一家公司的時候，你就必須要清楚，不要總是想著逃避問題，想著怎么共進退，只有公司越來越好，自己才會更好;如果公司一直在倒退，談何發(fā)展。

一個人的成功從來不是成功，何況什么是一個人成功，公司是你一個的嗎?一個公司能夠快速穩(wěn)定地發(fā)展，還不是需要靠一個團隊的共同努力。雖然你是其中的一員，當(dāng)你覺得你自己可有可無的時候，憑什么你還有資格在這個公司待下去?

最近我總在思考一個問題，在你還是學(xué)習(xí)的過程中，你要思考你怎么才能夠做一名優(yōu)秀的員工，你連這一點都做不好，還指望你能夠做多大的價值呢?

你的崗位是什么，你主要負責(zé)的是什么?你都做好了嗎?你都做到位了嗎?你都努力做到更好，你在全力以赴，用心地做好自己的工作了嗎?你的工作是否有突破，還是內(nèi)依舊一成不變，你總是找各種的借口給自己失敗。

你總是希望你能夠快速地成長，又能夠賺到錢，又能夠?qū)W習(xí)到自己想要學(xué)習(xí)的知識，憑什么你能夠要求那么多，憑什么你能夠理所當(dāng)然地得到一切。你別人都努力嗎?你創(chuàng)造的價值能夠改變你自己，改變你的團隊，改變你的企業(yè)嗎?如果都不行，你能夠成長嗎?成長是一個緩慢的過程，當(dāng)你意識到自己還有很大的進步空間的時候，你就應(yīng)該朝著那個方向努力改變，不要質(zhì)疑方向，你要知道的時候如何找到更好的方法去獲得你想要的東西。

當(dāng)出現(xiàn)問題的時候，你總是抱怨，你總是一味地逃避問題，你從來都不是那個盡心盡責(zé)去付出努力的那個人，你能夠成功嗎?你看見別人這樣做了嗎?

你知道為什么在一個崗位上一直沒有任何的發(fā)展和突破嗎?就是你想的太多，但是從來沒有真正地落地，你總是希望收獲，但是播種的季節(jié)里面你都在做什么?你都用心地播種，栽培自己了嗎?

階段性的總結(jié)，是慢慢地積累，不斷地成長的過程，希望你能夠培養(yǎng)自己良好的總結(jié)習(xí)慣，給自己一個理由，改變一成不變的自己，改變那個不思進取的自己，改變那個只想收獲從不付出的自己，你希望得到別人認可的前提是，你覺得自己認可自己了嗎?你真的覺得你現(xiàn)在做的一切就足夠了嗎?你就是如此滿足?

孩子，該成長了，如果一味地盲目生活，盲目地工作，度日如年，你的日子還能夠繼續(xù)下去嗎?

如何英語演講稿 模板5

閱讀小貼士：模板5共計565個字，預(yù)計閱讀時長2分鐘。朗讀需要3分鐘，中速朗讀4分鐘，在莊重嚴肅場合朗讀需要6分鐘，有124位用戶喜歡。

ladies and gentlemen.

i"d like to welcome everyone.

i"m here to teach you how to say no.

i use to be a "yes person."

i thought it was impolite to say no.

i was a chronic "people-pleaser."

i finally came to my senses.

i found the courage to be honest!

let me tell you now what i learned.

first,you must face reality.

you can"t say yes to every request!

you must realize it"s impossible!

you can"t be everywhere at once!

you can"t do everything all the time.

you"ll fail or go crazy for sure.

you can"t do too much!

you can"t bite off more than you can chew!

sometimes you have to say no!

second,just tell the truth.

just be totally honest.

the truth will set you free!

always tell it like it is.

nobody is perfect.

nobody can please everyone every day.

show courage and character.

show wisdom and maturity.

don"t be afraid to say no.

third,just refuse politely.

just communicate clearly.

be sincere and sympathetic.

just look the person in the eye.

just slowly shake your head.

say,"i"d like to say yes but i can"t."

a true friend will understand.

a kind person can handle it ok.

only a selfish few will get upset.

fourth,don"t feel guilty.

don"t beat yourself up.

don"t let saying no upset you.

you"re dong the right thing.

you"re doing the smart thing.

you"re saving yourself lots of trouble.

sometimes you have to do it.

sometimes you have no choice.

refusing favors is part of life.

in conclusion,just do it!

just practice saying no.

memorize the following rejections.

i"m so sorry.

i have to say no.

i have no time today.

now,i have to go.

now,i must say no.

sorry,no more for today.(thank you.)

如何英語演講稿 模板6

閱讀小貼士：模板6共計573個字，預(yù)計閱讀時長2分鐘。朗讀需要3分鐘，中速朗讀4分鐘，在莊重嚴肅場合朗讀需要6分鐘，有149位用戶喜歡。

welcome and hello。

it"s great to have you here。

let me tell you how to be popular。

we all want to be liked and admired。

we all want to be surrounded by friends。

here"s how to achieve that goal。

just be yourself。

act the way you want to be treated。

popularity will come your way。

first，improve your appearance。

start e_ercising daily。

start eating responsibly。

being healthy feels great。

being healthy gives you confidence。

being in shape attracts people to you。

be neat and well-dressed。

be clean and well-groomed。

your appearance says a lot about you。

then，smile like crazy。

a smile works like magic。

a smile opens doors and wins friends。

a smile says "i like you。"

"i"m so glad to see you。"

"you really make my day。"

a smile cheers people up。

a smile warms up a heart。

it"s like sunshine on a cloudy day。

ne_t，put others first。

put yourself in their shoes。

please their interests before your own。

become a great listener。

ask wonderful questions。

encourage people to talk。

be a people person。

enjoy ___ others feel important。

enjoy cheering them up when they"re down。

in addition，be sincere。

always compliment。

show your respect。

never gossip。

never judge other people。

focus on improving yourself。

don"t forget to be generous。

you must "live to give。"

you must also give to "really live。"

in conclusion，let go of your ego。

let kindness be your guide。

you"ll be popular in no time。

don"t be phony。

it will backfire on you。

it"s more important to be true。

thanks for your attention。

now，go have a great day。

go out and enjoy being popular!

如何英語演講稿 模板7

閱讀小貼士：模板7共計9289個字，預(yù)計閱讀時長24分鐘。朗讀需要47分鐘，中速朗讀62分鐘，在莊重嚴肅場合朗讀需要85分鐘，有234位用戶喜歡。

演說題目：如何在說話時表現(xiàn)出你的專業(yè)性?

演說者：adam galinsky

speaking up is hard to do. i understood the true meaning of this phrase e_actly one month ago, when my wife and i became new parents. it was an amazing moment. it was e_hilarating and elating, but it was also scary and terrifying. and it got particularly terrifying when we got home from the hospital,and we were unsure whether our little baby boy was getting enough nutrients from breastfeeding. and we wanted to call our pediatrician, but we also didn"t want to make a bad first impression or come across as a crazy, neurotic parent. so we worried. and we waited. when we got to the doctor"s office the ne_t day, she immediately gave him formula because he was pretty dehydrated. our son is fine now, and our doctor has reassured us we can always contact her. but in that moment, i should"ve spoken up, but i didn"t.

but sometimes we speak up when we shouldn"t, and i learned that over 10 years ago when i let my twin brother down. my twin brother is a documentary filmmaker, and for one of his first films, he got an offer from a distribution company. he was e_cited, and he was inclined to accept the offer. but as a negotiations researcher, i insisted he make a counteroffer, and i helped him craft the perfect one.and it was perfect -- it was perfectly insulting. the company was so offended, they literally withdrew the offer and my brother was left with nothing.

and i"ve asked people all over the world about this dilemma of speaking up: when they can assert themselves, when they can push their interests, when they can e_press an opinion, when they can make an ambitious ask.

and the range of stories are varied and diverse, but they also make up a universal tapestry. can i correct my boss when they make a mistake? can i confront my coworker who keeps stepping on my toes? can i challenge my friend"s insensitive joke? can i tell the person i love the most my deepest insecurities?

and through these e_periences, i"ve come to recognize that each of us have something called a range of acceptable behavior. now, sometimes we"re too strong; we push ourselves too much. that"s what happened with my brother. even making an offer was outside his range of acceptable behavior.but sometimes we"re too weak. that"s what happened with my wife and i. and this range of acceptable behaviors -- when we stay within our range, we"re rewarded. when we step outside that range, we get punished in a variety of ways. we get dismissed or demeaned or even ostracized. or we lose that raise or that promotion or that deal.

now, the first thing we need to know is: what is my range? but the key thing is, our range isn"t fi_ed;it"s actually pretty dynamic. it e_pands and it narrows based on the conte_t. and there"s one thing that determines that range more than anything else, and that"s your power. your power determines your range. what is power? power comes in lots of forms. in negotiations, it comes in the form of alternatives. so my brother had no alternatives; he lacked power. the company had lots of alternatives; they had power. sometimes it"s being new to a country, like an immigrant, or new to an organization or new to an e_perience, like my wife and i as new parents. sometimes it"s at work,where someone"s the boss and someone"s the subordinate. sometimes it"s in relationships, where one person"s more invested than the other person.

and the key thing is that when we have lots of power, our range is very wide. we have a lot of leeway in how to behave. but when we lack power, our range narrows. we have very little leeway. the problem is that when our range narrows, that produces something called the low-power double bind.the low-power double bind happens when, if we don"t speak up, we go unnoticed, but if we do speak up, we get punished.

now, many of you have heard the phrase the "double bind" and connected it with one thing, and that"s gender. the gender double bind is women who don"t speak up go unnoticed, and women who do speak up get punished. and the key thing is that women have the same need as men to speak up,but they have barriers to doing so. but what my research has shown over the last two decades is that what looks like a gender difference is not really a gender double bind, it"s a really a low-power double bind. and what looks like a gender difference are really often just power differences in disguise.oftentimes we see a difference between a man and a woman or men and women, and think, "biological cause. there"s something fundamentally different about the se_es." but in study after study, i"ve found that a better e_planation for many se_ differences is really power. and so it"s the low-power double bind. and the low-power double bind means that we have a narrow range, and we lack power. we have a narrow range, and our double bind is very large.

so we need to find ways to e_pand our range. and over the last couple decades, my colleagues and i have found two things really matter. the first: you seem powerful in your own eyes. the second: you seem powerful in the eyes of others. when i feel powerful, i feel confident, not fearful; i e_pand my own range. when other people see me as powerful, they grant me a wider range. so we need tools to e_pand our range of acceptable behavior. and i"m going to give you a set of tools today. speaking up is risky, but these tools will lower your risk of speaking up.

the first tool i"m going to give you got discovered in negotiations in an important finding. on average, women make less ambitious offers and get worse outcomes than men at the bargaining table. but hannah riley bowles and emily amanatullah have discovered there"s one situation where women get the same outcomes as men and are just as ambitious. that"s when they advocate for others.when they advocate for others, they discover their own range and e_pand it in their own mind. they become more assertive. this is sometimes called "the mama bear effect." like a mama bear defending her cubs, when we advocate for others, we can discover our own voice.

but sometimes, we have to advocate for ourselves. how do we do that? one of the most important tools we have to advocate for ourselves is something called perspective-taking. and perspective-taking is really simple: it"s simply looking at the world through the eyes of another person. it"s one of the most important tools we have to e_pand our range. when i take your perspective, and i think about what you really want, you"re more likely to give me what i really want.

but here"s the problem: perspective-taking is hard to do. so let"s do a little e_periment. i want you all to hold your hand just like this: your finger -- put it up. and i want you to draw a capital letter e on your forehead as quickly as possible. ok, it turns out that we can draw this e in one of two ways, and this was originally designed as a test of perspective-taking. i"m going to show you two pictures of someone with an e on their forehead -- my former student, erika hall. and you can see over here,that"s the correct e. i drew the e so it looks like an e to another person. that"s the perspective-taking e because it looks like an e from someone else"s vantage point. but this e over here is the self-focused e. we often get self-focused. and we particularly get self-focused in a crisis.

i want to tell you about a particular crisis. a man walks into a bank in watsonville, california. and he says, "give me $2,000, or i"m blowing the whole bank up with a bomb." now, the bank manager didn"t give him the money. she took a step back. she took his perspective, and she noticed something really important. he asked for a specific amount of money.

so she said, "why did you ask for $2,000?"

and he said, "my friend is going to be evicted unless i get him $2,000 immediately."

and she said, "oh! you don"t want to rob the bank -- you want to take out a loan."

"why don"t you come back to my office, and we can have you fill out the paperwork."

now, her quick perspective-taking defused a volatile situation. so when we take someone"s perspective, it allows us to be ambitious and assertive, but still be likable.

here"s another way to be assertive but still be likable, and that is to signal fle_ibility. now, imagine you"re a car salesperson, and you want to sell someone a car. you"re going to more likely make the sale if you give them two options. let"s say option a: $24,000 for this car and a five-year warranty. or option b: $23,000 and a three-year warranty. my research shows that when you give people a choice among options, it lowers their defenses, and they"re more likely to accept your offer.

and this doesn"t just work with salespeople; it works with parents. when my niece was four, she resisted getting dressed and rejected everything. but then my sister-in-law had a brilliant idea. what if i gave my daughter a choice? this shirt or that shirt? ok, that shirt. this pant or that pant? ok, that pant. and it worked brilliantly. she got dressed quickly and without resistance.

when i"ve asked the question around the world when people feel comfortable speaking up, the number one answer is: "when i have social support in my audience; when i have allies." so we want to get allies on our side. how do we do that? well, one of the ways is be a mama bear. when we advocate for others, we e_pand our range in our own eyes and the eyes of others, but we also earn strong allies.

another way we can earn strong allies, especially in high places, is by asking other people for advice.when we ask others for advice, they like us because we flatter them, and we"re e_pressing humility.and this really works to solve another double bind. and that"s the self-promotion double bind. the self-promotion double bind is that if we don"t advertise our accomplishments, no one notices. and if we do, we"re not likable.

but if we ask for advice about one of our accomplishments, we are able to be competent in their eyes but also be likeable. and this is so powerful it even works when you see it coming. there have been multiple times in life when i have been forewarned that a low-power person has been given the advice to come ask me for advice. i want you to notice three things about this: first, i knew they were going to come ask me for advice. two, i"ve actually done research on the strategic benefits of asking for advice. and three, it still worked! i took their perspective, i became more invested in their cause, i became more committed to them because they asked for advice.

now, another time we feel more confident speaking up is when we have e_pertise. e_pertise gives us credibility. when we have high power, we already have credibility. we only need good evidence.when we lack power, we don"t have the credibility. we need e_cellent evidence.

and one of the ways we can come across as an e_pert is by tapping into our passion. i want everyone in the ne_t few days to go up to friend of theirs and just say to them, "i want you to describe a passion of yours to me." i"ve had people do this all over the world and i asked them, "what did you notice about the other person when they described their passion?" and the answers are always the same."their eyes lit up and got big." "they smiled a big beaming smile." "they used their hands all over -- i had to duck because their hands were coming at me." "they talk quickly with a little higher pitch."

"they leaned in as if telling me a secret."

and then i said to them, "what happened to you as you listened to their passion?"

they said, "my eyes lit up. i smiled. i leaned in."

when we tap into our passion, we give ourselves the courage, in our own eyes, to speak up, but we also get the permission from others to speak up. tapping into our passion even works when we come across as too weak. both men and women get punished at work when they shed tears. but lizzie wolf has shown that when we frame our strong emotions as passion, the condemnation of our crying disappears for both men and women.

i want to end with a few words from my late father that he spoke at my twin brother"s wedding. here"s a picture of us. my dad was a psychologist like me, but his real love and his real passion was cinema,like my brother. and so he wrote a speech for my brother"s wedding about the roles we play in the human comedy.

and he said, "the lighter your touch, the better you become at improving and enriching your performance. those who embrace their roles and work to improve their performance grow, change and e_pand the self. play it well, and your days will be mostly joyful."

what my dad was saying is that we"ve all been assigned ranges and roles in this world. but he was also saying the essence of this talk: those roles and ranges are constantly e_panding and evolving.

so when a scene calls for it, be a ferocious mama bear and a humble advice seeker. have e_cellent evidence and strong allies. be a passionate perspective taker. and if you use those tools -- and each and every one of you can use these tools -- you will e_pand your range of acceptable behavior, and your days will be mostly joyful.

thank you.

放大聲音得說話并不簡單。 我直到整整一個月前，當(dāng)我 與妻子初為父母的時候 才理解這個短語的真正用意。 那是一個神奇的時刻。 那是一個令人興奮 與激動的時刻， 但是那也是可怕的， 令人恐懼的時刻。 當(dāng)我們剛從醫(yī)院回到家的時候， 尤其令人恐懼 我們并不確定 我們剛出生的寶寶是否 能從母乳中得到足夠的養(yǎng)分。

我們想打電話給我們的兒科醫(yī)生， 但是我們也不想給別人 留下不好的第一印象， 或者被當(dāng)作是瘋狂的， 神經(jīng)質(zhì)的父母。 所以我們很擔(dān)心。 但我們選擇了等待。

當(dāng)我們第二天早上 去見醫(yī)生的時候， 她立刻給寶寶開了配方， 因為他脫水很嚴重。 我們的兒子現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)好了， 我們的醫(yī)生也讓我們放心， 可以隨時聯(lián)系她。

但是在那個時刻， 我應(yīng)該大聲說出來的，我卻沒做到。

但是有時我們也會在不該說話的時候 放聲大說， 我是在20__年多以前，當(dāng)我讓我的 雙胞胎兄弟失望的時候，學(xué)會的。 我的雙胞胎兄弟 是一個紀錄片攝影師， 在他的早期作品中， 有一部得到了分銷公司的青睞。 他很激動， 也傾向于接受這份邀請。 但是作為一名談判研究員， 我堅持要求他拒絕這份邀請， 并幫助他起草了一份完美的合同。 而那確實是完美的- 完美的侮辱行為。 那家公司感到被冒犯了， 他們就真的撤回了他們的邀請， 然后我兄弟就一無所有了。

我問過來自世界各地的人， 關(guān)于大聲說的兩難問題： 當(dāng)他們可以斷言的時候， 當(dāng)他們可以推動自身利益的時候， 當(dāng)他們可以表達觀點的時候， 當(dāng)他們提出一個有抱負的要求的時候。

我聽過大量的，各不相同的故事， 但他們卻共同編織了同一幅繡帷。 我能在老板們犯錯時 糾正他們的錯誤嗎? 我能與老是踩到 我腳趾的同事對質(zhì)嗎?

我能質(zhì)疑朋友講的 不合時宜的笑話嗎? 我能告訴我最愛的人 我內(nèi)心深處的不安全感嗎?

通過這些經(jīng)歷，我開始認識到 我們每個人都是有一個 可接受行為范圍的。 有些時候，我們太強勢了： 我們給自己負壓太大。 那就是發(fā)生在我兄弟身上的事件所表明的。 甚至提出一個建議，都是在他 可接受行為范圍之外的了 但是有時，我們又太軟弱了。 就是我和我妻子所表現(xiàn)出來的。 而這個可接受行為范圍- 當(dāng)我們呆在范圍內(nèi)的時候， 我們就會被獎勵。 當(dāng)我們跨出范圍圈的時候， 我們就會受到不同形式的懲罰。 我們被開除或貶低，甚至被排斥。

我們失去加薪或晉升，或是一筆交易。

現(xiàn)在，我們需要明白的第一件事就是： 我的域是什么? 但關(guān)鍵問題是，我們的 可接受范圍并不固定;它實際上是高度動態(tài)的。 它會隨具體語境而放大或縮小。

有一樣?xùn)|西在可接受范圍大小 這件事上起決定性作用， 那就是你的實力。 你的實力決定了你的可接受范圍域。 實力是指什么? 實力是以各種形式呈現(xiàn)的。

在談判中，實力以 其他解決方案的形式呈現(xiàn)。 而我的兄弟沒有其他選擇; 他的實力不夠。 公司就有很多的備用選擇; 他們的實力很強。 有時是新到一個國家， 例如移民， 或是新加入一個組織，或是對什么事情沒有經(jīng)驗， 就像我和我妻子初為人父母。 有的時候是在工作上， 有人是老板， 而另一些人是下屬。 有時是在情感上， 一個人比另一個人投入更多重點是，當(dāng)我們有強大的實力時， 我們的可接受范圍 就會變得非常廣。 我們的行動就有了很大的余地。 但是當(dāng)我們實力不足時， 我們的域就會縮小。

我們行動就變得局限。 問題是當(dāng)我們的 可接受范圍縮小的時候， 就會進入一種"弱勢兩難"的處境。 當(dāng)我們陷入"弱勢兩難"的處境時， 我們不為自己說話，就會被忽視， 當(dāng)我們說出來的時候，又會被懲罰。

你們中的很多人都聽過 "雙重約束"這個短語， 并把它和另一樣事物掛鉤， 就是性別。 性別兩難就是指當(dāng)女性不發(fā)聲， 就會被忽視， 但女性為自己說話， 又會被懲罰的情況。 關(guān)鍵是，女性有著 與男性同樣的為自己說話的需求 但她們這樣做會遇到更多的障礙。 但是我在過去二十年里的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)， 這個看似是性別差異，其實并不是真正的性別兩難困境， 其實是弱勢兩難的問題。 那些表面上看似是性別差異 其實質(zhì)只是實力差異偽裝成的樣子。 很多時候，當(dāng)我們看到一位男性和一位女性之間的差距時， 或者男性與女性之間， 我們就會想，"生理因素。 兩性在本質(zhì)上就是不同的。" 但是在一個又一個的研究當(dāng)中， 我找到了一個能更好解釋 很多案例中性別差距的原因 那就是實力。 所以把它稱作弱勢兩難困境。 處于弱勢兩難就意味著 我們的可接受范圍很窄 我們實力不足。

我們的可接受范圍越窄， 我們的弱勢兩難就越明顯。

所以我們必須找到方法， 擴大我們的可接受范圍。 在過去的幾十年中， 我和我的同事找到了 兩個重要的影響因素 第一點：你在自己眼中是實力者。

第二點：你在他人眼中是實力者。 當(dāng)感到自己實力強大， 就會很自信，不會害怕; 就能擴大自己的域。 當(dāng)他人把自己看作實力強大的人時， 他們就給予了我更廣的可接受范圍。 所以我們需要工具去擴大 我們的可接受行為范圍。 我今天就要給你們一套工具。 大聲說是有風(fēng)險的一件事， 但是這些工具會降低大聲說的風(fēng)險。

我要給你們的第一個工具 是在協(xié)商領(lǐng)域被發(fā)現(xiàn)的， 是很重要的一個發(fā)現(xiàn)。 平均來看，女性在談判桌上， 相比男性， 更少的提出有野心的條件， 并取得更差的結(jié)果。

但是漢娜·賴利·鮑里斯 和艾米麗·阿曼圖拉發(fā)現(xiàn) 在有一種情況下，女性 和男性是同等的野心勃勃 也能得到同等的結(jié)果。 那就是當(dāng)她們在為他人說話的時候。

當(dāng)她們在為他人說話時， 她們就會發(fā)覺自己的 可接受范圍并在腦海中擴大它。 她們變得更加自信。 這就是我們經(jīng)常說的"熊媽媽效應(yīng)"。 就像熊媽媽在維護自己的熊寶寶， 當(dāng)我們?yōu)樗寺晱埖臅r候， 我們就能發(fā)掘自己的聲音。

但是有些時候， 我們必須為自己放聲說。 我們應(yīng)該怎么做呢? 為自己講話需要的 最重要的工具就是 一種叫做"換位思考"的東西。 "換位思考"其實很簡單： 就僅僅是通過另一個人的 眼睛看世界而已。 這是我們擴大自身可接受范圍 的最重要的工具。 當(dāng)我站在你的立場， 去想你真正想要什么的時候， 你就更有可能給我，我真正想要的。

但是這有一個問題： "換位思考"是一件很難的事情。 讓我們做一點兒實驗。 我希望你們所有人都像這樣， 把手舉起來， 把手指豎起來， 我希望你們在自己的額頭上寫一個大寫的e 越快越好。 好吧，結(jié)果表明我們 有兩種不同的書寫方法， 這就是原本用來測試 換位思考的實驗。 我要給你們展示兩張人們在額頭上寫著e的圖片- 這是我以前的學(xué)生，艾麗卡·赫尓。 你們在這里看到的， 是正確的e。 我這樣畫e，所以其他人 就能把它認成e。 這就是"換位思考"的e，因為它是別人眼中的e。 但是這邊的e則是"自我中心"的e。 我們時常會以自我為中心。 特別是在危機情況下更容易。

我希望和你們談?wù)?一次特別的危機。 一個男人走進一家位于加利福尼亞州， 沃森維爾市的銀行。 他說，"給我20__美金， 要不我就炸了整個銀行。"

而銀行經(jīng)理沒有給他錢。 她退了一步。 她嘗試站在他的角度， 她注意到了一件很重要的事情。 他要求的是具體數(shù)額的錢。

所以她說， "為什么你需要20__美金?"

男人說，"如果不能立即拿到20__美金， 我的朋友就要被驅(qū)逐出境了。"

然后經(jīng)理說， "哦，那你不是要搶銀行- 你是需要貸款。"

"為什么不跟我回到辦公室， 我們就可以讓你填好需要的文件。"

她的快速換位思考的 能力解除了一個危機形勢。 當(dāng)我們能夠從他人的角度看問題時， 我們就會變得有抱負， 自信，但同時招人喜歡。

還有另一種能讓我們既自信， 又能招人喜歡的辦法， 那就是展現(xiàn)靈活性。 現(xiàn)在，想象自己是一名汽車銷售員， 你要賣給別人一輛車。 如果你能給他們兩種選擇， 你更容易賣出車。 比如選項a： 兩萬四美金購車，五年免修。 或是選項b： 兩萬三美金購車，三年免修。 我的研究顯示了，當(dāng)你 給人們一些選擇的余地時， 他們會降低自我防范意識， 他們更容易接受你的邀請。

這不僅僅只在銷售人員這里有用; 它在父母這里也有用。 當(dāng)我的侄女四歲的時候， 她拒絕穿衣服，拒絕一切。 但是后來嫂子想出了 一個絕妙的主意。

如果我給我的女兒一種選擇呢? 這件衣服或是那件?好吧，那件。 這條褲子還是那條?好吧，那條。 問題被出色的解決了。 她很快穿好了衣服， 沒有任何抵抗。

當(dāng)我在世界各地問這個問題， 什么時候人們能夠 舒服地大聲說出想法， 排名第一的回答是： "當(dāng)我能在觀眾中得到支持; 當(dāng)我有隊友的時候。"

所以我們希望有盟友支持自己。 我們要如何做到這一點? 好吧，一種方式是做一只熊媽媽。 當(dāng)我們?yōu)樗税l(fā)聲的時候， 我們就擴大了我們自己的范圍， 也擴大了別人眼中的我們， 我們同時也得到了強有力的盟友。

另一種得到盟友的方式， 特別是身居高位的時候， 就是尋求他人的建議。 當(dāng)我們向他人尋求建議時，他們 就會因為我們重視他們而喜歡我們 因為我們表現(xiàn)出了謙恭。

這能夠幫助我們解決 另外一個兩難的局面。 那就是自我推銷兩難的情況。 自我推銷兩難 就是如果我們不宣傳我們的成就， 就沒人會注意。如果我們宣傳，我們就不討喜。

但是如果我們就 自己的成就征求意見， 在他人眼中，我們就會 變得能干且討人喜歡。 這真的很有用，甚至當(dāng)你已經(jīng)看穿這個策略時仍然有用我人生中有很多次，我已經(jīng)預(yù)先被人提醒過 有些實力不足的人 被建議來找我咨詢 我希望你們在此注意三點： 第一，我知道他們要來找我詢問建議。

第二，我也研究過的征求意見的戰(zhàn)略性好處。 第三，這仍然管用! 我站在他們的角度， 我在他們的訴求上花費更多的時間， 我更加關(guān)注他們，因為他們向我尋求了幫助。

另一種情況下， 我們也會有自信大聲說， 那就是當(dāng)我們掌握了專業(yè)知識。 專業(yè)知識帶給我們可信度。當(dāng)我們實力強大的時候， 我們就已經(jīng)擁有了可信度。

我們只需要好的證據(jù)。 而我們實力不足的時候， 我們就沒有可信度。 我們就需要極佳的證據(jù)。

一種幫助我們被認作為專家的方式 就是發(fā)掘我們的熱情。 我希望每個人都能在未來的 幾天當(dāng)中，去見各自的朋友 和他們說， "我希望你能夠和我分享一件你抱有熱情的事。" 我在世界各地讓人們做這件事， 然后我詢問他們， "當(dāng)朋友們向你們描述他們的熱情時 你注意到了什么?"

答案永遠是相同的。"他們的眼睛變大了，變亮了。" "他們笑的很燦爛。" "他們用手不斷的比劃著- 我必須要躲閃，因為 他們的手都伸向了我。"

"他們更快速的，用更高頻的聲調(diào)說話。"

"他們傾向我，好像要跟 我講什么秘密一樣。"

然后，我就和他們說， "你們聽他們講述的時候， 你是什么樣的反應(yīng)呢?"

他們說，"我的眼睛變亮了。 我笑了。 我也傾向了他們。"

當(dāng)我們發(fā)掘自己的熱情時， 我們通過自己的眼睛， 給予了自己大聲說的勇氣， 但是我們也得到了他人的準許。 發(fā)掘我們的熱情，即使在 我們軟弱的時候也會起作用。

無論是男性還是女性， 工作時流淚都會受到懲罰。 但是莉齊·沃爾夫發(fā)現(xiàn) 當(dāng)我們將強烈的感情處理為激情的時候， 無論男性還是女性， 就都不會因落淚而受到譴責(zé)。

我希望引用我已故的 父親的話來結(jié)束演講 這是他在我的 雙胞胎兄弟的婚禮上說的。 這是我們的合影。我的父親和我一樣，都是心理學(xué)家， 但是他真正熱愛的，真正的熱情在于電影， 就像我的兄弟一樣。所以，他就在我兄弟的 婚禮上發(fā)表了一個演講 是關(guān)于我們在人類喜劇中 所扮演的角色的。

然后他說，"你的觸感越細膩， 你越能更好地提高 和豐富你的表演能力 那些帶入角色當(dāng)中， 努力提高演技的人， 成長，改變，擴張自我。 好好演，你們的生活就會很快樂的。"

我父親的意思是， 我們在這個世界上都有 各自的可理解范圍和角色。 但他也講出了這次演講的精髓：這些角色和范圍是在 不斷擴大和進化的。

當(dāng)情景需要的時候， 變成一只兇猛的熊媽媽， 或是一個謙恭的咨詢者。 擁有極佳的證據(jù)和強大的盟友。 成為一個熱情的換位思考者。 如果你能夠運用這些工具-這些是在座的每一位 都能夠使用的工具- 你們就能擴大你們的 可接受行為范圍， 你們的生活就會很快樂的。

謝謝。

如何英語演講稿 模板8

閱讀小貼士：模板8共計608個字，預(yù)計閱讀時長2分鐘。朗讀需要4分鐘，中速朗讀5分鐘，在莊重嚴肅場合朗讀需要6分鐘，有266位用戶喜歡。

good day ladies and gentlemen.

let me atrat with a popular saying.

"you never get a second chance to make a first impression."

my speech is titled,"how to sell yourself."

it means how to market your best features.

it means how to present yourself in the best light.

hrer are some tips.

please listen and learn.

learn how to sell yourself.

most importantly,look like a winner.

look like you"re going to the top.

project a professional appearance.

dress in quality clothes.

dress with a conservative style.

be well-dressed from your head to your toes.

don"t overdress.

dress well to impress and show respect.

dress your best and you"ll feel confident and comfortable.

ne_t,you must communicate clearly.

respond thoughtfully to each question.

respond slowly with total honesty.

be sincere and direct.

be sure you make eye contact.

try to rela_ and breathe naturally.

mind your body language.

stand up straint with good posture.

look attentive but also at ease.

also,you need a solid background.

you should have a stable track record.

have e_emplary credentials to back you up.

present a professional resume.

present all school transcripts.

be prepared to e_plain everything in detail.

offer letters of recommendation.

offer letters of reference.

list awards of honors you"ve recieved.

in addition,have a positive attitude.

be confident of your ability.

be optimistic about your future potential.

be polite and courteous.

be punctual and considerate.

e_ude enthusiasm and energy all the time.

don"t fake anything.

don"t be phony or smug.

be humble and as modest as you can.

finally,be assertive.

be self-assured.

be dynamic and aggressive.

keep trying to improve.

keep trying to get better.

always give one hundred percent.

you"ll win respect.

you"ll win trust and acceptance.

with this advice,you will go far.

如何英語演講稿 模板9

閱讀小貼士：模板9共計648個字，預(yù)計閱讀時長2分鐘。朗讀需要4分鐘，中速朗讀5分鐘，在莊重嚴肅場合朗讀需要6分鐘，有111位用戶喜歡。

it"s time to begin.

i appreciate your attention.

i hope you"ll enjoy my speech.

i have important advice.

i have employment tips to share.

let me tell you how to find a good job.

dacide what makes you happy.

decide what you love to do.

then,find a way to e_cel in that career.

the first step is to lay the groundwork.

get a decent education.

get a solid foundation of knowledge.

be able to write and speak well.

be an e_cellent communicator.

be computer literate and technically up-to-date.

know what skills you possess.

know your strengths and weaknesses.

know who you are and where you want to go.

the ne_t step requires research.

research all the companies you like.

research every opportunity that e_ists.

bone up on each company.

become an e_pert on its business.

be able to sell yourself as an asset to them.

don"t forget to network.

you need friendships and connections.

you must build up a contact system.

now,perfect your resume.

get it updated and looking sharp.

ask professionals or teachers for advice on it.

also,rehearse for interviews.

practice and role play.

practice as much and with as many people as you can.

brush up on your interpersonal skills.

read the newspaper every day.

read up on all the latest books in your field.

the last step is to take action!

personally visit each company.

personally hand out your resume to every personnel director you can.

try to rela_ and enjoy interviews.

it"s an incredible learning e_perience.

it"s a great chance to impress and make friends.

always politely ask for feedback.

always follow up with a thank-you card.

it"s the little things that help you stand out.

in conclusion, do what you love.

love what you do.

happiness and money will follow you.

don"t sell out for money.

don"t give up a dream job for one with a higher salary.

never sacrifice or compromise your passion.

be true to yourself.

be honest in all that you say and do.

you"ll find a job that"s perfect for you.

如何英語演講稿 模板10

閱讀小貼士：模板10共計559個字，預(yù)計閱讀時長2分鐘。朗讀需要3分鐘，中速朗讀4分鐘，在莊重嚴肅場合朗讀需要6分鐘，有262位用戶喜歡。

good day,everybody.

i"m e_cited to be here.

i have advice about frienship.

friendship is precious.

friendship makes life wonderful.

life is too short to lose a friend.

sometimes friends disagree.

sometimes argument happen.

here"s how to avoid a breakup.

first,apologize when you"re wrong.

apologize when you"re right.

it doesn"t matter who is to blame.

we all make mistakes.

we all have regrets.

say you"re sorry;forgive and forget.

be sincere in your apology.

really mean what you say.

chances are your friend will apologize,too.

second,always remain calm.

never lose your temper.

never say or do anything rash.

take a little break.

take time to cool off.

don"t say anything in the heat of the moment.

come back when you"re feeling calmer.

then talk about the problem.

if you"re calm,your friend will listen.

third,don"e avoid your friend.

don"t isolate yourself.

never disappear or run away.

try to make contact.

try to communicate.

try to patch things up.

all problems can be solved.

but it takes a little work.

be willing to work at it.

fourth,be ready to compromise.

be open to suggestions.

see things from your friend"s point of view.

don"t insist on your opinion.

after all,you could be wrong.

maybe your friend knows a better way.

be tolerant and understanding.

that"s the basis of friendship.

that"s the secret to friendship and love.

in conclusion,always clear up disagreements.

always cherish your friends.

friends are what make life worth living.

those are my words of wisdom.

tat"s my advice to you.

i hope you never need to use it!

i appreciate your attention.

thank you all so much.

thank god for the beauty of friends.

如何英語演講稿 模板11

閱讀小貼士：模板11共計6876個字，預(yù)計閱讀時長18分鐘。朗讀需要35分鐘，中速朗讀46分鐘，在莊重嚴肅場合朗讀需要63分鐘，有128位用戶喜歡。

演說題目：如何在你重視的事情上做的更好!

演說者：eduardo brice?o

most of us go through life trying to do our best at whatever we do,whether it’s our job, family, schoolor anything else.i feel that way. i try my best.but some time ago, i came to a realizationthat i wasn’t getting much better at the things i cared most about,whether it was being a husband or a friendor a professional or teammate,and i wasn’t improving much at those thingseven though i was spending a lot of timeworking hard at them.i’ve since realized from conversations i’ve had and from researchthat this stagnation, despite hard work,turns out to be pretty common.

大多數(shù)人在生活中都會嘗試把每件事做到最好，無論是在職場上、家庭、學(xué)?；蚱渌I(lǐng)域。我也有同感，也會努力嘗試。但前一段時間，我開始意識到，我總是無法在自己最在意的事情上做得更好。比如做一個好丈夫或好朋友，一名專業(yè)人士或好隊友，我一直無法在這些事情上有很大的提升，哪怕我花了很多時間努力完成。我之后在與他人的談話和研究中意識到，無論你多努力，這種瓶頸總是一直出現(xiàn)。

so i’d like to share with you some insights into why that isand what we can all do about it.what i’ve learnedis that the most effective peopleand teams in any domaindo something we can all emulate.they go through life deliberately alternating between two zones:the learning zone and the performance zone.

所以我想跟各位分享一些見解，并提出一些解決的辦法。我所了解的是，無論哪個領(lǐng)域，各行業(yè)的佼佼者都有可以讓我們仿效的地方。我發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們在日常生活中會有意識地在這兩種狀態(tài)中切換，學(xué)習(xí)狀態(tài)和執(zhí)行狀態(tài)，

the learning zone is when our goal is to improve.then we do activities designed for improvement,concentrating on what we haven’t mastered yet,which means we have to e_pect to make mistakes,knowing that we will learn from them.that is very different from what we do when we’re in our performance zone,which is when our goal is to do something as best as we can, to e_ecute.then we concentrate on what we have already masteredand we try to minimize mistakes.

在學(xué)習(xí)狀態(tài)，我們的技能可以進步。我們會透過設(shè)計過的活動來提升技能。專注于尚未掌握的事情，這意味著我們一定會有失誤，但我們也一定能從中學(xué)到東西。這跟我們執(zhí)行狀態(tài)時所做的事情很不一樣，執(zhí)行狀態(tài)的目的是把我們最好的一面表現(xiàn)出來。我們會專注在已經(jīng)掌握好的技能，并把失誤減到最小。

both of these zones should be part of our lives,but being clear about when we want to be in each of them,with what goal, focus and e_pectations,helps us better perform and better improve.the performance zone ma_imizes our immediate performance,while the learning zone ma_imizes our growthand our future performance.the reason many of us don’t improve muchdespite our hard workis that we tend to spend almost all of our time in the performance zone.this hinders our growth,and ironically, over the long term,also our performance.

這兩種狀態(tài)都是我們生活的一部分，但當(dāng)你想要自在的處在這兩種狀態(tài)，你得清楚知道你的目標(biāo)、關(guān)注點、預(yù)期效果是什么，這樣才能幫助你在執(zhí)行和改進方面都做得更好。執(zhí)行狀態(tài)注重當(dāng)下的表現(xiàn)，學(xué)習(xí)狀態(tài)會加速人的成長，并且提升未來的表現(xiàn)。很多人，無論如何努力都沒辦法有所提高。原因在于：我們總是花費太多時間在執(zhí)行狀態(tài)。這樣會阻礙成長。諷刺的是，長時間下來，也會引響我們的表現(xiàn)。

so what does the learning zone look like?take demosthenes, a political leaderand the greatest orator and lawyer in ancient greece.to become great,he didn’t spend all his timejust being an orator or a lawyer,which would be his performance zone.but instead, he did activities designed for improvement.of course, he studied a lot.he studied law and philosophy with guidance from mentors,but he also realized that being a lawyer involved persuading other people,so he also studied great speechesand acting.to get rid of an odd habit he had of involuntarily lifting his shoulder,he practiced his speeches in front of a mirror,and he suspended a sword from the ceilingso that if he raised his shoulder,it would hurt.

那麼，學(xué)習(xí)狀態(tài)是怎樣的情況?來看看狄摩西尼，這位政治領(lǐng)袖，古希臘最偉大的演說家和律師。他會偉大的原因，不是因為他把時間都花在演說和執(zhí)行律師業(yè)務(wù)上面，也就是說他不會一直處在執(zhí)行狀態(tài)。相反的，他做了很多改善的活動。毋庸置疑，他花很多時間在學(xué)習(xí)。比如他在精神導(dǎo)師的指導(dǎo)下學(xué)習(xí)法律及哲學(xué)，但他也同時意識到，作為律師他需要說服別人，所以他也研究名人的演講及學(xué)習(xí)演戲。為了改變不由自主聳肩的壞習(xí)慣，他會在鏡子前練習(xí)演說，并且在天花板上吊一把劍。一旦聳肩，他就會被刺到。

(laughter)

(觀眾笑)

to speak more clearly despite a lisp,he went through his speeches with stones in his mouth.he built an underground roomwhere he could practice without interruptionsand not disturb other people.and since courts at the time were very noisy,he also practiced by the ocean,projecting his voice above the roar of the waves.

為了克服口齒不清，他會含著石頭練習(xí)演講。他還建了一個地下室，以避免練習(xí)時被打擾或打擾到別人。因為上法院時會很吵，所以他就對著大海練習(xí)，讓自己的聲音比咆哮的海浪還大聲。

his activities in the learning zonewere very different from his activities in court,his performance zone.in the learning zone,he did what dr. anders ericsson calls deliberate practice.this involves breaking down abilities into component skills,being clear about what subskill we’re working to improve,like keeping our shoulders down,giving full concentration to a high level of challengeoutside our comfort zone,just beyond what we can currently do,using frequent feedback with repetition and adjustments,and ideally engaging the guidance of a skilled coach,because activities designed for improvementare domain-specific,and great teachers and coaches know what those activities areand can also give us e_pert feedback.it is this type of practice in the learning zonewhich leads to substantial improvement,not just time on task performing.for e_ample, research shows that after the first couple of yearsworking in a profession,performance usually plateaus.this has been shown to be true in teaching, general medicine,nursing and other fields,and it happens because once we think we have become good enough,adequate,then we stop spending time in the learning zone.we focus all our time on just doing our job,performing,which turns out not to be a great way to improve.but the people who continue to spend time in the learning zonedo continue to always improve.the best salespeople at least once a weekdo activities with the goal of improvement.they read to e_tend their knowledge,consult with colleagues or domain e_perts,try out new strategies,solicit feedback and reflect.the best chess playersspend a lot of time not playing games of chess,which would be their performance zone,but trying to predict the moves grand masters made and analyzing them.each of us has probably spent many, many, many hourstyping on a computerwithout getting faster,but if we spent 10 to 20 minutes each dayfully concentrating on typing 10 to 20 percent fasterthan our current reliable speed,we would get faster,especially if we also identified what mistakes we’re makingand practiced typing those words.that’s deliberate practice.

他在學(xué)習(xí)狀態(tài)所做的活動與他在法院上執(zhí)行的活動，兩者是很不一樣的。他在學(xué)習(xí)狀態(tài)時，會做安德森·愛立信博士所說的「循序漸進的練習(xí)」。就是把要學(xué)習(xí)的技能拆分成一小段一小段的技能，并且清楚地知道哪一項技巧目前需要提高。像是放松肩膀，全新專注在舒適圈以外更高層次的挑戰(zhàn)，專注超越那些早已掌握的事物。利用快速反饋做重復(fù)練習(xí)和調(diào)整，全力配合熟手教練的指導(dǎo)。因為，為改善而設(shè)計的活動是有特定范圍的，好的老師或教練知道什么活動能帶來進步，并會給予專業(yè)的反饋。就是在這種學(xué)習(xí)狀態(tài)下的練習(xí)，才能大量的進步，而不是只是花時間在執(zhí)行業(yè)務(wù)上。舉個例子，研究表明，在某一領(lǐng)域工作數(shù)年后，表現(xiàn)會達到停滯期。這在教學(xué)、一般內(nèi)科、護理及其他領(lǐng)域都得到了印證。這是因為一旦人們覺得自己足夠好了，綽綽有余了，就不會再花時間學(xué)習(xí)。我們只會關(guān)注在如何完成工作和執(zhí)行業(yè)務(wù)上，這種方式變得不利于提高技能。但是那些一直在學(xué)習(xí)的人們，就會持續(xù)地成長。最好的銷售人員，至少每周一次，進行改善訓(xùn)練。他們閱讀以增長知識，咨詢同行和專家、嘗試新的策略、征詢意見及反思。最好的棋手，大部分的時間，并不是在跟別人下棋，也就是他們不會一直處在執(zhí)行的狀態(tài)，而是試圖預(yù)測并分析大師們的棋路。每個人可能都花了很多時間在電腦前打字，但卻沒有越打越快。但是，如果我們每天抽出 10-20 分鐘，全神貫注地提升打字速度，比平?？焐?10%-20% 就好，我們的速度就會越來越快。特別是當(dāng)我們能找到失誤，并且專注加以練習(xí)。這就是一種循序漸進(刻意)的練習(xí)。

in what other parts of our lives,perhaps that we care more about,are we working hard but not improving muchbecause we’re always in the performance zone?now, this is not to say that the performance zone has no value.it very much does.when i needed a knee surgery,i didn’t tell the surgeon,poke around in there and focus on what you don’t know.

在生活的其他方面，還有哪些是我們比較在意，我們很努力但進步緩慢的地方?是不是因為我們老是停留在執(zhí)行狀態(tài)里?但以上都不是在說執(zhí)行狀態(tài)沒有用，它是很有價值的。但我需要做膝蓋手術(shù)的時候，我可不想告訴醫(yī)師：「隨便戳戳吧，探索一下你不知道的事。」

(laughter)

(觀眾笑)

we’ll learn from your mistakes!i looked for a surgeon who i felt would do a good job,and i wanted her to do a good job.being in the performance zoneallows us to get things done as best as we can.it can also be motivating,and it provides us with information to identify what to focus on ne_twhen we go back to the learning zone.so the way to high performanceis to alternate between the learning zone and the performance zone,purposefully building our skills in the learning zone,then applying those skills in the performance zone.

「我們可以從失誤中學(xué)到東西啊!」我會找一位我認為夠好的醫(yī)師，我想讓她好好地幫我醫(yī)治。在執(zhí)行狀態(tài)時，我們會力求表現(xiàn)到最好，這樣可以激勵我們，并告訴我們，在回到學(xué)習(xí)狀態(tài)的時候，該關(guān)注些什么。所以說，想要表現(xiàn)得好需要在學(xué)習(xí)狀態(tài)和執(zhí)行狀態(tài)之間轉(zhuǎn)換。在學(xué)習(xí)狀態(tài)下有目的性地積累技巧，然后再將之應(yīng)用在執(zhí)行狀態(tài)里。

when beyoncé is on tour,during the concert,she’s in her performance zone,but every night when she gets back to the hotel room,she goes right back into her learning zone.she watches a video of the show that just ended.she identifies opportunities for improvement,for herself, her dancers and her camera staff.and the ne_t morning,everyone receives pages of notes with what to adjust,which they then work on during the day before the ne_t performance.it’s a spiralto ever-increasing capabilities,but we need to know when we seek to learn,and when we seek to perform,and while we want to spend time doing both,the more time we spend in the learning zone,the more we’ll improve.

就像碧昂斯的巡演，演唱會上，她處在執(zhí)行表演的狀態(tài)，但每晚回到酒店，她就直接投入到學(xué)習(xí)狀態(tài)里。她會觀看剛剛結(jié)束的表演，為自己、舞群和攝像師，尋找改進的機會。第二天早上，所有人都會收到一份通知，上面寫著那些地方需要改進，如此團隊成員就可以在下一次表演之前做出調(diào)整。如此團隊的能力就可以一直向上提升。但我們需要清楚的是，何時「學(xué)」、何時「做」，何時兩樣一起。投入越多時間在學(xué)習(xí)狀態(tài)，就能取得越多的進步。

so how can we spend more time in the learning zone?first, we must believe and understandthat we can improve,what we call a growth mindset.second, we must want to improve at that particular skill.there has to be a purpose we care about,because it takes time and effort.third, we must have an idea about how to improve,what we can do to improve,not how i used to practice the guitar as a teenager,performing songs over and over again,but doing deliberate practice.and fourth, we must be in a low-stakes situation,because if mistakes are to be e_pected,then the consequence of making them must not be catastrophic,or even very significant.a tightrope walker doesn’t practice new tricks without a net underneath,and an athlete wouldn’t set out to first try a new moveduring a championship match.

那麼我們要怎樣才能多花點時間在學(xué)習(xí)狀態(tài)呢?首先，要相信并理解一件事，那就是我們可以改進，也就是所謂的「成長心態(tài)」。其次，要在具體的技巧上做改進。并且要有一個我們在乎的目標(biāo)，因為它需要時間和努力。第三，我們必須要知道該如何提升，要做些什么來提升，而不是像我年輕時彈吉它那樣，同首曲子一遍又一遍的重復(fù)，而是要做「循序漸進的練習(xí)」。第四，我們必須保持在低風(fēng)險狀態(tài)，因為如果如預(yù)期的發(fā)生了失誤，那麼造成的后果就不會影響太大，或是關(guān)系重大。走鋼絲的演員，不會在沒有護網(wǎng)的情況下練習(xí)新的技巧;運動員并不會在冠軍比賽中，嘗試新的動作。

one reason that in our liveswe spend so much time in the performance zoneis that our environments often are, unnecessarily, high stakes.we create social risks for one another,even in schools which are supposed to be all about learning,and i’m not talking about standardized tests.i mean that every minute of every day,many students in elementary schools through collegesfeel that if they make a mistake,others will think less of them.no wonder they’re always stressed outand not taking the risks necessary for learning.but they learn that mistakes are undesirableinadvertentlywhen teachers or parents are eager to hear just correct answersand reject mistakes rather than welcome and e_amine themto learn from them,or when we look for narrow responsesrather than encourage more e_ploratory thinkingthat we can all learn from.when all homework or student work has a number or a letter on it,and counts towards a final grade,rather than being used for practice,mistakes, feedback and revision,we send the message that school is a performance zone.

我們在生活中，花很多時間在執(zhí)行狀態(tài)里，這個中原因是：我們常常處在不必要的高風(fēng)險環(huán)境中。我們彼此制造了社會風(fēng)險。哪怕是在學(xué)校，一個被認定為純粹學(xué)習(xí)的地方，我不是在說標(biāo)準測驗，我說的是學(xué)生每時每刻、從小學(xué)到大學(xué)，都會覺得別人會因為他們犯錯而輕視他們。難怪他們總是緊張兮兮，不愿為學(xué)習(xí)冒必要的風(fēng)險。老師、家長對正確答案趨之若鶩的態(tài)度，無意中，讓學(xué)生害怕犯錯。而不是勇于試錯、檢視過錯、并從中吸取教訓(xùn)。又或者，我們只想聽「標(biāo)準答案」，而不是鼓勵學(xué)生進行可以學(xué)到更多的開拓性思考。一旦學(xué)生的作業(yè)、作品都被評定等級、標(biāo)上分數(shù)，最后記錄到期末成績后，它們就起不到練習(xí)、試錯、反饋和修正的作用了，我們讓孩子誤以為：學(xué)校只是個讓你表現(xiàn)的地方。

the same is true in our workplaces.in the companies i consult with,i often see flawless e_ecution cultureswhich leaders foster to encourage great work.but that leads employees to stay within what they knowand not try new things,so companies struggle to innovate and improve,and they fall behind.

職場中也同樣如此。那些咨詢我的公司，我常見到領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者鼓勵推動「完美執(zhí)行 」的文化。但這樣就會導(dǎo)致員工僅僅停留在他們已知的范疇，而不去嘗試新的事物，公司因此很難創(chuàng)新、進步，從而落居下風(fēng)。

we can create more spaces for growthby starting conversations with one anotherabout when we want to be in each zone.what do we want to get better at and how?and when do we want to e_ecute and minimize mistakes?that way, we gain clarity about what success is,when, and how to best support one another.

我們可以透過交流，為彼此開創(chuàng)進步的空間，聊聊我們何時應(yīng)該投身于何種狀態(tài)。在哪些方面可以做得更好?何時決策、怎樣控損?如此，我們可以明確什么是成功、何時以及如何去支持對方。

but what if we find ourselves in a chronic high-stakes settingand we feel we can’t start those conversations yet?then here are three things that we can still do as individuals.first, we can create low-stakes islands in an otherwise high-stakes sea.these are spaces where mistakes have little consequence.for e_ample, we might find a mentor or a trusted colleaguewith whom we can e_change ideas or have vulnerable conversationsor even role-play.or we can ask for feedback-oriented meetings as projects progress.or we can set aside time to read or watch videos or take online courses.those are just some e_amples.second, we can e_ecute and perform as we’re e_pected,but then reflect on what we could do better ne_t time,like beyoncé does,and we can observe and emulate e_perts.the observation, reflection and adjustment is a learning zone.and finally, we can leadand lower the stakes for others by sharing what we want to get better at,by asking questions about what we don’t know,by soliciting feedback and by sharing our mistakesand what we’ve learned from them,so that others can feel safe to do the same.

但如果我們處在長期高風(fēng)險狀態(tài)下，并且無法展開這樣的交流怎么辦?依然有三件事是可以自己著手去做的。首先，是在高風(fēng)險的海洋中，開辟一塊低風(fēng)險的島嶼。讓錯誤發(fā)生時不會造成嚴重的后果。比如說，我們可以找一位導(dǎo)師或可以信任的同事，和他們分享想法，或是接受批評。甚至角色扮演?；蛘呤请S著項目的進展，舉辦反饋會議。又或者我們可以抽出時間去閱讀或看視頻或是參加線上課程。這只是幾個例子。第二，我們可以實踐并達成期望的表現(xiàn)，但事后反思如何改進，就像碧昂斯那樣。我們還可以觀察和模仿專家，這些觀察、反思、調(diào)整都能讓我們學(xué)習(xí)到很多。最后，我們可以引導(dǎo)并降低彼此的風(fēng)險，問他們，我們在哪方面可以再取得進步，透過詢問未知的問題、征求意見、 分享失誤，并從中汲取教訓(xùn)，如此其他人也就能安心地做同樣的事。

real confidence is about modeling ongoing learning.what if, instead of spending our lives doing, doing, doing,performing, performing, performing,we spent more time e_ploring,asking,listening,e_perimenting, reflecting,striving and becoming?what if we each always had somethingwe were working to improve?what if we created more low-stakes islandsand waters?and what if we got clear,within ourselves and with our teammates,about when we seek to learn and when we seek to perform,so that our efforts can become more consequential,our improvement never-endingand our best even better?

真正的自信是對不斷學(xué)習(xí)的展示。如果，我們沒有把人生耗費在做、做、做、表現(xiàn)、表現(xiàn)、表現(xiàn)上，而是更多地去探索、詢問、傾聽、實踐、反思、拼命去成為想成為的人，會怎么樣?如果我們每個人，都有某些事情讓我們可為之努力，從而提升呢?如果我們創(chuàng)造更多的低風(fēng)險區(qū)域和環(huán)境呢?如果我們自己或整個團隊都清楚知道，何時學(xué)習(xí)、何時表現(xiàn)，如此我們的努力就會有更多回報，就可以精益求精，團隊就會越來越好。

thank you.

謝謝。

如何英語演講稿 模板12

閱讀小貼士：模板12共計1998個字，預(yù)計閱讀時長5分鐘。朗讀需要10分鐘，中速朗讀14分鐘，在莊重嚴肅場合朗讀需要19分鐘，有141位用戶喜歡。

演說題目：the world"s english mania

演說者：jay walker

let"s talk about manias. let"s start with beatlemania.(recording of crowd roaring)hysterical teenagers, crying, screaming, pandemonium.(recording of crowd roaring)sports mania: deafening crowds, all for one idea — get the ball in the net. (recording) goal! okay, religious mania: there"s rapture, there"s weeping, there"s visions. manias can be good. manias can be alarming. or manias can be deadly.(recording of crowd cheering)

讓我們來談?wù)効駸?。先從甲殼蟲熱說起。歇斯底里的少年們，高呼、尖叫、喧囂的場面。體育熱，震耳欲聾的人群。都是為了一個目標(biāo)，要球進網(wǎng)。還有，宗教熱。有歡笑，也有淚水。還有夢想。狂熱可以是件好事，狂熱也可以使人擔(dān)心，有時狂熱也可以是致命的。

the world has a new mania. a mania for learning english. listen as chinese students practice their english, by screaming it:

現(xiàn)在世界上有一種新的狂熱。學(xué)習(xí)英語的狂熱。聽，中國學(xué)生在練習(xí)講英語用高聲叫喊的方式練習(xí)英語。

teacher: ... change my life!

students: i want to change my life!

t: i don"t want to let my parents down!

s: i don"t want to let my parents down!

t: i don"t ever want to let my country down!

s: i don"t ever want to let my country down!

t: most importantly... s: most importantly...

t: i don"t want to let myself down!

s: i don"t want to let myself down!

老師：... 改變我的生活!

學(xué)生：我要改變我的命運。

老師：我不想讓父母失望。

學(xué)生：我不想讓父母失望。

老師：我從不想讓國家失望。

學(xué)生：我從不想讓國家失望。

老師：最重要的...學(xué)生：最重要的...

老師：我不想讓我自己失望。

學(xué)生：我不想讓我自己失望。

how many people are trying to learn english worldwide? two billion of them.

students: a t-shirt. a dress.

jay walker: 全世界現(xiàn)在有多少人學(xué)習(xí)英語?20億

學(xué)生：一件襯衫。一條裙子。

jay walker: in latin america, in india, in southeast asia, and most of all, in china. if you"re a chinese student, you start learning english in the third grade, by law. that"s why this year, china will become the world"s largest english-speaking country.

jw：在拉丁美洲、在印度、在東南亞、和幾乎整個中國。如果你是個中國學(xué)生根據(jù)法律，在小學(xué)三年級你得開始學(xué)習(xí)英語。這就是為什么今年中國會成為全世界最大的講英語的國家。

why english? in a single word: opportunity. opportunity for a better life, a job, to be able to pay for school, or put better food on the table. imagine a student taking a giant test for three full days. her score on this one test literally determines her future. she studies 12 hours a day for three years to prepare.twenty-five percent of her grade is based on english. it"s called the gaokao, and 80 million high school chinese students have already taken this grueling test. the intensity to learn english is almost unimaginable, unless you witness it.

為什么是英語?用一個詞來回答：機會。一個獲得更好生活、工作的機會?？梢陨系闷饘W(xué)，可以吃更好的食物。想象一個學(xué)生用整整三天時間參加一次大考。她的這個考試的成績真正地決定了她的前途。她每天學(xué)習(xí)12個小時，三年間都是如此，就是為了準備這個考試，其中25%的成績是由英語決定的，這個考試叫做高考。有8000萬的中國高中生都已經(jīng)參加過這個"獨木橋"考試，學(xué)習(xí)英語的強度幾乎不可想象。除非你親自見證過。

teacher: perfect! students: perfect!

t: perfect! s: perfect!

t: i want to speak perfect english!

s: i want to speak perfect english!

t: i want to speak ... s: i want to speak ...

t: ... perfect english! s: ... perfect english!

t (yelling more loudly): i want to change my life!

s (yelling more loudly): i want to change my life!

老師：完美!學(xué)生：完美!

老師：完美!學(xué)生：完美!

老師：我想講完美的英語

學(xué)生：我想講完美的英語

老師：我想說—學(xué)生：我想說—

學(xué)生：完美的英語。學(xué)生：完美的英語

老師：我要改變我的命運!

學(xué)生：我要改變我的命運!

jw: so is english mania good or bad? is english a tsunami, washing away other languages? not likely.english is the world"s second language. your native language is your life. but with english you can become part of a wider conversation — a global conversation about global problems, like climate change or poverty, or hunger or disease.

jw：那么這股英語熱是好還是壞呢?英語是海嘯嗎，席卷其他所有的語言?不見得，英語是世界第二大語言。你的母語是你的生活，但是英語可以讓你參與更大范圍的討論。一個全世界范圍的關(guān)于全球問題的討論。比如氣候改變或者貧窮或者饑餓，或是疾病。

the world has other universal languages. mathematics is the language of science. music is the language of emotions. and now english is becoming the language of problem-solving. not because america is pushing it, but because the world is pulling it.

這個世界上還有其他的全球性語言，數(shù)學(xué)是科學(xué)的語言、音樂是感情的語言。現(xiàn)在，英語正在成為解決問題的語言，并不是因為美國促使其如此。而是因為全世界的需要。

so english mania is a turning point.like the harnessing of electricity in our cities, or the fall of the berlin wall, english represents hope for a better future — a future where the world has a common language to solve its common problems.

所以英語熱是一個轉(zhuǎn)折點，就像我們城市里的供電系統(tǒng)或者柏林墻的倒塌，英語代表著希望，擁有一個更好的未來的希望，未來全世界將用共同語言去解決共同的問題。

thank you very much.(applause)

非常感謝 (掌聲)

如何英語演講稿 模板13

閱讀小貼士：模板13共計4535個字，預(yù)計閱讀時長12分鐘。朗讀需要23分鐘，中速朗讀31分鐘，在莊重嚴肅場合朗讀需要42分鐘，有260位用戶喜歡。

壓力大，怎么辦?壓力會讓你心跳加速、呼吸加快、額頭冒汗!當(dāng)壓力成為全民健康公敵時，有研究顯示只有當(dāng)你與壓力為敵時，它才會危害你的健康。心理學(xué)家kelly mcgonigal 從積極的一面分析壓力，教你如何使壓力變成你的朋友!

stress. it makes your heart pound, your breathing quicken and your forehead sweat. but while stress has been made into a public health enemy, new research suggests that stress may only be bad for you if you believe that to be the case. psychologist kelly mcgonigal urges us to see stress as a positive, and introduces us to an unsung mechanism for stress reduction: reaching out to others.

kelly mcgonigal translates academic research into practical strategies for health, happiness and personal success.

why you should listen to her：

stanford university psychologist kelly mcgonigal is a leader in the growing field of “science-help.” through books, articles, courses and workshops, mcgonigal works to help us understand and implement the latest scientific findings in psychology, neuroscience and medicine.

straddling the worlds of research and practice, mcgonigal holds positions in both the stanford graduate school of business and the school of medicine. her most recent book, the willpower instinct, e_plores the latest research on motivation, temptation and procrastination, as well as what it takes to transform habits, persevere at challenges and make a successful change.

she is now researching a new book about the "upside of stress," which will look at both why stress is good for us, and what makes us good at stress. in her words: "the old understanding of stress as a unhelpful relic of our animal instincts is being replaced by the understanding that stress actually makes us socially smart -- it"s what allows us to be fully human."

i have a confession to make, but first, i want you to make a little confession to me. in the past year, i want you to just raise your hand

if you"ve e_perienced relatively little stress. anyone?

how about a moderate amount of stress?

who has e_perienced a lot of stress? yeah. me too.

but that is not my confession. my confession is this: i am a health psychologist, and my mission is to help people be happier and healthier. but i fear that something i"ve been teaching for the last 10 years is doing more harm than good, and it has to do with stress. for years i"ve been telling people, stress makes you sick. it increases the risk of everything from the common cold to cardiovascular disease. basically, i"ve turned stress into the enemy. but i have changed my mind about stress, and today, i want to change yours.

let me start with the study that made me rethink my whole approach to stress. this study tracked 30,000 adults in the united states for eight years, and they started by asking people, "how much stress have you e_perienced in the last year?" they also asked, "do you believe that stress is harmful for your health?" and then they used public death records to find out who died.

(laughter)

okay. some bad news first. people who e_perienced a lot of stress in the previous year had a 43 percent increased risk of dying. but that was only true for the people who also believed that stress is harmful for your health. (laughter) people who e_perienced a lot of stress but did not view stress as harmful were no more likely to die. in fact, they had the lowest risk of dying of anyone in the study, including people who had relatively little stress.

now the researchers estimated that over the eight years they were tracking deaths, 182,000 americans died prematurely, not from stress, but from the belief that stress is bad for you. (laughter) that is over 20,000 deaths a year. now, if that estimate is correct, that would make believing stress is bad for you the 15th largest cause of death in the united states last year, killing more people than skin cancer, hiv/aids and homicide.

(laughter)

you can see why this study freaked me out. here i"ve been spending so much energy telling people stress is bad for your health.

so this study got me wondering: can changing how you think about stress make you healthier? and here the science says yes. when you change your mind about stress, you can change your body"s response to stress.

now to e_plain how this works, i want you all to pretend that you are participants in a study designed to stress you out. it"s called the social stress test. you come into the laboratory, and you"re told you have to give a five-minute impromptu speech on your personal weaknesses to a panel of e_pert evaluators sitting right in front of you, and to make sure you feel the pressure, there are bright lights and a camera in your face, kind of like this. and the evaluators have been trained to give you discouraging, non-verbal feedback like this.

(laughter)

now that you"re sufficiently demoralized, time for part two: a math test. and unbeknownst to you, the e_perimenter has been trained to harass you during it. now we"re going to all do this together. it"s going to be fun. for me.

okay. i want you all to count backwards from 996 in increments of seven. you"re going to do this out loud as fast as you can, starting with 996. go! audience: (counting) go faster. faster please. you"re going too slow. stop. stop, stop, stop. that guy made a mistake. we are going to have to start all over again. (laughter) you"re not very good at this, are you? okay, so you get the idea. now, if you were actually in this study, you"d probably be a little stressed out. your heart might be pounding, you might be breathing faster, maybe breaking out into a sweat. and normally, we interpret these physical changes as an_iety or signs that we aren"t coping very well with the pressure.

but what if you viewed them instead as signs that your body was energized, was preparing you to meet this challenge? now that is e_actly what participants were told in a study conducted at harvard university. before they went through the social stress test, they were taught to rethink their stress response as helpful. that pounding heart is preparing you for action. if you"re breathing faster, it"s no problem. it"s getting more o_ygen to your brain. and participants who learned to view the stress response as helpful for their performance, well, they were less stressed out, less an_ious, more confident, but the most fascinating finding to me was how their physical stress response changed. now, in a typical stress response, your heart rate goes up, and your blood vessels constrict like this. and this is one of the reasons that chronic stress is sometimes associated with cardiovascular disease. it"s not really healthy to be in this state all the time. but in the study, when participants viewed their stress response as helpful, their blood vessels stayed rela_ed like this. their heart was still pounding, but this is a much healthier cardiovascular profile. it actually looks a lot like what happens in moments of joy and courage. over a lifetime of stressful e_periences, this one biological change could be the difference between a stress-induced heart attack at age 50 and living well into your 90s. and this is really what the new science of stress reveals, that how you think about stress matters.

so my goal as a health psychologist has changed. i no longer want to get rid of your stress. i want to make you better at stress. and we just did a little intervention. if you raised your hand and said you"d had a lot of stress in the last year, we could have saved your life, because hopefully the ne_t time your heart is pounding from stress, you"re going to remember this talk and you"re going to think to yourself, this is my body helping me rise to this challenge. and when you view stress in that way, your body believes you, and your stress response becomes healthier.

now i said i have over a decade of demonizing stress to redeem myself from, so we are going to do one more intervention. i want to tell you about one of the most under-appreciated aspects of the stress response, and the idea is this: stress makes you social.

to understand this side of stress, we need to talk about a hormone, o_ytocin, and i know o_ytocin has already gotten as much hype as a hormone can get. it even has its own cute nickname, the cuddle hormone, because it"s released when you hug someone. but this is a very small part of what o_ytocin is involved in. o_ytocin is a neuro-hormone. it fine-tunes your brain"s social instincts. it primes you to do things that strengthen close relationships. o_ytocin makes you crave physical contact with your friends and family. it enhances your empathy. it even makes you more willing to help and support the people you care about. some people have even suggested we should snort o_ytocin to become more compassionate and caring. but here"s what most people don"t understand about o_ytocin. it"s a stress hormone. your pituitary gland pumps this stuff out as part of the stress response. it"s as much a part of your stress response as the adrenaline that makes your heart pound. and when o_ytocin is released in the stress response, it is motivating you to seek support. your biological stress response is nudging you to tell someone how you feel instead of bottling it up. your stress response wants to make sure you notice when someone else in your life is struggling so that you can support each other. when life is difficult, your stress response wants you to be surrounded by people who care about you.

okay, so how is knowing this side of stress going to make you healthier? well, o_ytocin doesn"t only act on your brain. it also acts on your body, and one of its main roles in your body is to protect your cardiovascular system from the effects of stress. it"s a natural anti-inflammatory. it also helps your blood vessels stay rela_ed during stress. but my favorite effect on the body is actually on the heart. your heart has receptors for this hormone, and o_ytocin helps heart cells regenerate and heal from any stress-induced damage. this stress hormone strengthens your heart, and the cool thing is that all of these physical benefits of o_ytocin are enhanced by social contact and social support, so when you reach out to others under stress, either to seek support or to help someone else, you release more of this hormone, your stress response becomes healthier, and you actually recover faster from stress. i find this amazing, that your stress response has a built-in mechanism for stress resilience, and that mechanism is human connection.

i want to finish by telling you about one more study. and listen up, because this study could also save a life. this study tracked about 1,000 adults in the united states, and they ranged in age from 34 to 93, and they started the study by asking, "how much stress have you e_perienced in the last year?" they also asked, "how much time have you spent helping out friends, neighbors, people in your community?" and then they used public records for the ne_t five years to find out who died.

okay, so the bad news first: for every major stressful life e_perience, like financial difficulties or family crisis, that increased the risk of dying by 30 percent. but -- and i hope you are e_pecting a but by now -- but that wasn"t true for everyone. people who spent time caring for others showed absolutely no stress-related increase in dying. zero. caring created resilience. and so we see once again that the harmful effects of stress on your health are not inevitable. how you think and how you act can transform your e_perience of stress. when you choose to view your stress response as helpful, you create the biology of courage. and when you choose to connect with others under stress, you can create resilience. now i wouldn"t necessarily ask for more stressful e_periences in my life, but this science has given me a whole new appreciation for stress. stress gives us access to our hearts. the compassionate heart that finds joy and meaning in connecting with others, and yes, your pounding physical heart, working so hard to give you strength and energy, and when you choose to view stress in this way, you"re not just getting better at stress, you"re actually making a pretty profound statement. you"re saying that you can trust yourself to handle life"s challenges, and you"re remembering that you don"t have to face them alone.

thank you.

(applause)

chris anderson: this is kind of amazing, what you"re telling us. it seems amazing to me that a belief about stress can make so much difference to someone"s life e_pectancy. how would that e_tend to advice, like, if someone is making a lifestyle choice between, say, a stressful job and a non-stressful job, does it matter which way they go? it"s equally wise to go for the stressful job so long as you believe that you can handle it, in some sense?

kelly mcgonigal: yeah, and one thing we know for certain is that chasing meaning is better for your health than trying to avoid discomfort. and so i would say that"s really the best way to make decisions, is go after what it is that creates meaning in your life and then trust yourself to handle the stress that follows.

ca: thank you so much, kelly. it"s pretty cool. km: thank you.

(applause)

如何英語演講稿 模板14

閱讀小貼士：模板14共計564個字，預(yù)計閱讀時長2分鐘。朗讀需要3分鐘，中速朗讀4分鐘，在莊重嚴肅場合朗讀需要6分鐘，有128位用戶喜歡。

ladies and gentlemen:

greetings and welcome.

i"m so glad you"re here today.

here"s some advice.

cherish your job.

appreciate it like a gift.

it"s your "bread and butter."

it"s your opportunity to shine.

hrer"s how to enjoy your "9 to 5."

first,master your job.

be fully qualified.

be an e_pert at every task.

try to increase your efficiency.

try to do more every day.

always push yourself to improve.

strive for perfection.

strive to be the best.

your sense of achievement will soar.

second,have faith in your job.

believe in what you"re doing.

believe it"s valuable and important.

view your job as a duty.

view your work as your mission.

be assured it"s a worthy cause.

know you"re being productive.

know you"re benefiting others.

that brings job satisfaction.

third,like what you"re doing.

be in love with your job.

be convinced it"s a terrific position.

focus on the advantages.

focus on the positive aspects.

take pride in your ability and effort.

thrive on the accomplishments.

thrive on your achievements.

thrive on feeling good.

fourth,make it fun every day.

make it like playing a game.

maintain a healthy sense of humor.

always look on the bright side.

try joking with colleagues.

try asking yourself funny questions.

ask yourself:why do i have to work?

dear god,please save me!

please help me win the lottery!

finally,realize your job is a privilege.

be grateful you have one.

be thankful you"re not unemployed.

remember to master your job.

make it fun and have faith.

make every task you undertake a piece of cake.

the secret is not in doing what you like.

the secret is in liking what you do.

god bless you and enjoy your job.

如何英語演講稿 模板15

閱讀小貼士：模板15共計0個字，預(yù)計閱讀時長0分鐘。朗讀需要0分鐘，中速朗讀0分鐘，在莊重嚴肅場合朗讀需要0分鐘，有273位用戶喜歡。

如何英語演講稿 模板16

閱讀小貼士：模板16共計3332個字，預(yù)計閱讀時長9分鐘。朗讀需要17分鐘，中速朗讀23分鐘，在莊重嚴肅場合朗讀需要31分鐘，有224位用戶喜歡。

當(dāng)今社會，交流溝通變得異常重要，而公共英語演講就是其最常見和有效的手段之一。無論是在學(xué)習(xí)還是工作中，我們會越來越多地接觸到公共英語演講，小到課堂的presentation、工作中的團建，大到學(xué)術(shù)大會上的發(fā)言、總統(tǒng)競選。那么，如何才能寫出精彩的英語演講稿呢？對于初學(xué)者來講，怎么把握其寫作的關(guān)鍵呢？下面，我將從大家熟知并廣為推崇的喬布斯__年斯坦福大學(xué)的畢業(yè)演講稿為范本，給大家具體剖析精彩英語演講稿的寫作要點，以幫助大家進一步了解其基本寫作要領(lǐng)和指導(dǎo)大家的寫作實踐。

一、結(jié)構(gòu)清楚，邏輯明晰

由于公共演講一般受眾為數(shù)十人甚至數(shù)百、數(shù)千人，再加上演講環(huán)境的不確定性（比如：觀眾的歡呼，或者抱怨），最好在進入主題后馬上給出所講內(nèi)容的邏輯框架，以便聽眾更好的預(yù)判整個演講內(nèi)容，有利于他們更好地跟隨演講者的思路，達到良好的演講效果。比如，喬布斯在該次演講中，開篇稍微寒暄開篇之后，就進入正題，"today i want to tell you three stories from my life. that"s it. no big deal. just three stories."學(xué)生們馬上能做出邏輯預(yù)判，我們今天會聽到喬布斯談三點，然后具體關(guān)注是哪三點，這種演講就具備了"audience-centeredness"（以觀眾為中心）的特質(zhì)。喬布斯在隨后的演講中明確提到，"the first story is about connecting the dots. my second story is about love and loss. my third story is about death."由于這種明晰的思路，聽眾在聽完之后也會記憶猶新，不會覺得頭腦混亂，毫無所得。

當(dāng)然，演講稿的邏輯安排有多種方式，喬布斯的這篇演講是按照topical order（話題順序）和chronological order（時間順序）來安排的。除此之外, 還有 spatial order（空間順序）, problem-solutution order（提問解決順序）等等。大家可以根據(jù)不同的演講內(nèi)容來安排自己演講稿的邏輯順序和結(jié)構(gòu)。

二、開篇出彩，結(jié)尾有道

演講稿的開篇和結(jié)尾往往需要花費大量的功夫去設(shè)計，這往往是精彩演講的亮點所在。因此，在寫作時，需要結(jié)合受眾、場合和演講內(nèi)容等，爭取一開始就緊緊抓住聽眾的注意力和興趣所在，結(jié)尾時，盡量做到意味深長、啟發(fā)思考。下面，我將給大家具體分析基本的開篇和結(jié)尾模式，供大家以后寫作參考。

開篇的目的是要吸引聽眾，喬布斯在該篇演講稿中使用的是"relate the topic to the audience"（關(guān)聯(lián)話題與聽眾）的方式，這是一種比較有效的方法，人們一般對自己的事情都很關(guān)注，和自己相關(guān)的事情也會格外留意，喬布斯在開篇說到，"i am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. i never graduated from college. truth be told, i never graduated from college. this is the closest i"ve ever gotten to a college graduation."高度贊美斯坦福大學(xué)是最好的大學(xué)之一，就是在與聽眾發(fā)生關(guān)聯(lián)，讓大家產(chǎn)生好感，當(dāng)然老喬還用了適當(dāng)?shù)挠哪?，更好地融洽了與聽眾的關(guān)系，"簡潔、有效"本就是喬布斯的演講風(fēng)格。除此之外，還有其他的一些開篇方式，我們也需要了解和掌握。 1. state the importance of your topic（指出演講話題的重要性）。直接告訴聽眾，你的演講重要在哪里。比如：今天要做的是一場"英語演講的藝術(shù)"的演講，那開始就直接指出，該演講對于大家今后的學(xué)習(xí)工作將會有重大的幫助，甚至給出一些數(shù)據(jù)和實例，讓聽眾明白不聽這個演講將會是我的損失。這樣，聽眾就會很樂意投入到該次演講中去。2. startle the audience （使聽眾震驚）。例如：要做一場關(guān)于"生活方式與疾病"的演講，開篇就可以給出一組極具沖擊力的數(shù)據(jù)，讓聽眾看到生活方式的不健康將會是多么可怕的事情，這樣的震驚使聽眾能夠快速調(diào)整狀態(tài)，投入到聽演講中去。3. arouse the curiosity of the audience（引起聽眾的好奇心）4. question the audience（向觀眾提問）。5. begin with a quotation（以引用開篇）。6. tell a story （以故事開篇）。這些基本開篇的方式被無數(shù)的演講證明是實用而且有效的。

結(jié)尾往往可以起到"畫龍點睛"的作用，開篇正文再好，如果結(jié)尾過于平淡，整個演講的精彩程度都會大打折扣。那么如何做到"結(jié)尾有道"呢？首先，我們來看看喬布斯的這篇演講稿，他的結(jié)尾比開篇更加出彩，采用的是"end with a quotation"，達到的效果是特別引人深思。他在結(jié)尾說道，"stewart and his team put out several issues of the whole earth catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. it was the mid-1970s, and i was your age. on the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitch hiking on if you were so adventurous. beneath it were the words: "stay hungry. stay foolish." it was their farewell message as they signed off. stay hungry. stay foolish. and i have always wished that for myself. and now, as you graduate to begin anew, i wish that for you. stay hungry. stay foolish."他不僅在結(jié)尾引用這句"stay hungry. stay foolish"（求知若渴，虛懷若谷），而且重復(fù)三遍，強化聽眾的印象，這句話也被廣泛傳播，被譽為該篇演講的"精髓"。

在結(jié)尾時，可以用結(jié)束信號詞讓聽眾明白你要準備結(jié)尾了，不要讓演講結(jié)束得太突兀，比如，"in conclusion", "let me end my speech by saying...", "i"d like to close my speech this way."等。具體的結(jié)尾方式很多，常見的有：1. summarize your speech（總結(jié)演講）。2. make a dramatic statement（強有力的陳述），這個不同于引用他人之言，往往是演講者自己的沉淀和吶喊，非常經(jīng)典的演講是patrick henry"s legendary "liberty or death" oration. 他在結(jié)尾時說道，"is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? forbid it, almighty god! i know not what course others may take; but as for mw, give me liberty, or give me death." 3. refer to the introduction（首尾呼應(yīng)）。這是體現(xiàn)演講內(nèi)在統(tǒng)一的很經(jīng)典的形式，值得借鑒。

三、觀點闡釋，有效支撐

毫無疑問，主體段的信息量最大，寫作量也是最大，如何更清晰地闡釋演講者的觀點，有效支撐分論點，是寫作時應(yīng)該把握的關(guān)鍵。在明晰了寫作邏輯之后，就要圍繞這些邏輯要點來展開論證。喬布斯在斯坦福大學(xué)的畢業(yè)演講中，邏輯要點有三：1. the first story is about connecting the dots. 2. my second story is about love and loss. 3. my third story is about death. 他在闡釋中主要運用了以下手段。首先，舉例子。文中用了大量的例子來說明他怎么對待學(xué)習(xí)、工作和死亡，比如他說起自己決定輟學(xué)然后旁聽有意思的課程，這些課當(dāng)時對他沒什么實質(zhì)的幫助，但是十年后在當(dāng)他設(shè)計第一款macintosh 電腦的時候，這些東西全派上了用場，這個例子充分說明了他要講的第一個要點-- 串起生命中的點滴。在隨后的文中，喬布斯大量地講述了他事業(yè)生活中的例子，讓聽眾感受到真實的力量和鼓舞。其次，引用。他除了在文章最后用到了引用，文中也不乏引用的痕跡，比如在講到死亡時，他引用了一句格言，"if you live each day as if it was your last, someday you"ll most certainly be right."這句話能表明他對于死亡的態(tài)度。恰到好處的引用往往能使聽眾印象深刻。第三，數(shù)據(jù)。在講第二個故事--關(guān)于愛和失去時，喬布斯用到了一系列數(shù)據(jù)來支撐觀點。他說自己是幸運的，因為，"woz and i started apple in my parents garage when i was 20. we worked hard, and in 10 years apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. we had just released our finest creation — the macintosh — a year earlier, and i had just turned 30."數(shù)據(jù)很直觀，能讓聽眾有直接的認識和理解。

除了以上提到的主體段展開方式，還有一些常用的手段，比如：testimony（引證），可以用專家的觀點增強演講的信度，也可以用普通人的一手經(jīng)驗證明自己的觀點。另外，大家還需要了解的是，舉例分為簡短的例子，具體深入的例子和假想的例子；數(shù)據(jù)包括單一數(shù)據(jù)，組合數(shù)據(jù)等等。

如何才能更加有效掌握這些演講寫作的要點呢？我有三點建議：1.多看。多看一些演講素材，比如名人演講，演講比賽優(yōu)秀選手的演講等，積累大量的一手素材，當(dāng)然也有必要閱讀關(guān)于英語公共演講的書籍，本人非常推薦stephen e. lucas的《演講的藝術(shù)》。2.多想。學(xué)會分析這些演講之所以精彩的原因，可以從我上面講的幾點入手。3.多練。在有一定積淀和感覺之后，就要大量練習(xí)寫作演講稿，話題可以從日常學(xué)習(xí)和工作中選取，實用性要強，這樣練起來更有興趣和成就感。最后，大家要明白一點，好的公共演講除了演講稿要好，還有別的很多因素絕不可忽視，比如：語言質(zhì)量，肢體語言，視覺輔助，語音語調(diào)，臨場反應(yīng)，現(xiàn)場把控能力等，這些結(jié)合在一起才能最終讓你成為一個優(yōu)秀的公共演講者。

如何英語演講稿 模板17

閱讀小貼士：模板17共計10630個字，預(yù)計閱讀時長27分鐘。朗讀需要54分鐘，中速朗讀71分鐘，在莊重嚴肅場合朗讀需要97分鐘，有201位用戶喜歡。

as a magician, i try to create images that make people stop and think. i also try to challenge myself to do things that doctors say are not possible. i was buried alive in new york city in a coffin, buried alive in a coffin in april, 1999, for a week. i lived there with nothing but water. and it ended up being so much fun that i decided i could pursue doing more of these things. the ne_t one is i froze myself in a block of ice for three days and three nights in new york city. that one was way more difficult than i had e_pected. the one after that, i stood on top of a hundred foot pillar for 36 hours. i began to hallucinate so hard that the buildings that were behind me started to look like big animal heads.

作為一個魔術(shù)師， 我總是嘗試去創(chuàng)造一個現(xiàn)象 可以讓人們駐足思考。 我也試著挑戰(zhàn)自己 做一些醫(yī)生看來不可能的事情。 我曾于1999年4月， 被埋在紐約一口棺材里 整整一個星期。 著一個禮拜僅靠水存活下來。 但結(jié)果是我從中獲得極大的樂趣。 于是我決定去追求 實現(xiàn)更多這樣的事。 下一次就是我把自己凍在一個大冰塊里 整整三天三夜，地點是紐約。 那次要比我想象的困難許多。 接下來的一次，我站在一百多英尺高的柱子頂端 整整36個小時。 快結(jié)束時我開始產(chǎn)生非常強烈的幻覺 以至于我覺得身后的建筑看起來像巨型動物的頭。

so, ne_t i went to london. in london i lived in a glass bo_ for 44 days with nothing but water. it was, for me, one of the most difficult things i"d ever done, but it was also the most beautiful. there was so many skeptics, especially the press in london, that they started flying cheeseburgers on helicopters around my bo_ to tempt me. (laughter) so, i felt very validated when the new england journal of medicine actually used the research for science.

后來，我去了倫敦。 在倫敦，我在一個玻璃箱里生存了44天 也是除了水什么都沒有。 對于我來說，這次是所有挑戰(zhàn)中最艱難的一次， 但它仍然是非常美好的一次歷程。 當(dāng)時有許多持懷疑態(tài)度的人，尤其是倫敦的記者們， 他們坐直升機徘徊在我的玻璃箱周圍 到處扔漢堡引誘我。 (笑聲) 我通過這次活動被認可而感到非常高興， 事實上新英格蘭醫(yī)學(xué)雜志 還以此作為研究供科學(xué)參考。

my ne_t pursuit was i wanted to see how long i could go without breathing, like how long i could survive with nothing, not even air. i didn"t realize that it would become the most amazing journey of my life.

我的下一個追求便是想試試不呼吸能堅持多久， 也就是說什么都沒有的情況下我能活多久， 甚至沒有空氣。 我并沒有意識到， 這一次成就了我生命中最美妙的旅程。

as a young magician i was obsessed with houdini and his underwater challenges. so, i began, early on, competing against the other kids, seeing how long i could stay underwater while they went up and down to breathe, you know, five times, while i stayed under on one breath. by the time i was a teenager i was able to hold my breath for three minutes and 30 seconds. i would later find out that was houdini"s personal record.

作為一個年輕的魔術(shù)師 我沉迷于霍迪尼和他在水下屏氣挑戰(zhàn)。 孩童時候，我就開始與其他的孩子們比試， 看可以在水下待多久， 當(dāng)他們得反復(fù)探頭出水面呼吸， 大概5次之多，我卻可以一直待在水下，完全不需要換氣。。 當(dāng)我是青少年的時候 我已經(jīng)可以水下屏氣達3分30秒之久， 后來我才發(fā)現(xiàn)那就是霍迪尼的個人紀錄。

in 1987 i heard of a story about a boy that fell through ice and was trapped under a river. he was underneath, not breathing for 45 minutes. when the rescue workers came they resuscitated him and there was no brain damage. his core temperature had dropped to 77 degrees. as a magician, i think everything is possible. and i think if something is done by one person it can be done by others. i started to think, if the boy could survive without breathing for that long, there must be a way that i could do it.

在1987年，我聽說了一個故事， 一個男孩掉進冰封的河里， 困于河底。 他45分鐘內(nèi)沒有呼吸。 當(dāng)救援人員趕到 搶救并喚醒他時，發(fā)現(xiàn)他并沒有腦損傷， 他的心臟溫度降至77度。 作為一個魔術(shù)師，我相信一切皆有可能。 我認為如果某個人可以做到某件事， 那么任何人都可以做到。 我開始思索，如果這個男孩 可以如此長時間不呼吸而活下來， 那么必定有某種途徑讓我也可以做到。

so, i met with a top neurosurgeon. and i asked him, how long is it possible to go without breathing, like how long could i go without air? and he said to me that anything over si_ minutes you have a serious risk of hypo_ic brain damage. so, i took that as a challenge, basically. (laughter) my first try, i figured that i could do something similar, and i created a water tank, and i filled it with ice and freezing cold water. and i stayed inside of that water tank hoping my core temperature would start to drop. and i was shivering. in my first attempt to hold my breath i couldn"t even last a minute. so, i realized that was completely not going to work.

于是我找了最好的神經(jīng)科醫(yī)師， 問他人若是不呼吸最長支撐多久， 也就是哪怕連空氣都沒有我能撐多久? 他告訴我，任何超過6分鐘不呼吸的行為， 都會因缺氧而造成 嚴重腦損傷的危險。 那么毫無疑問，我便把它列入了我的挑戰(zhàn)。 (笑聲) 第一次試驗，我打算模擬那個男孩遭遇的情況， 弄一個水缸， 注滿徹骨的冰水， 然后就跳進那個水缸里， 希望我的體溫可以下降。 當(dāng)不住地時我顫抖。第一次嘗試 我甚至連一分鐘都堅持不了。 于是我意識到簡單的模擬行不通，

so, i went to talk to a doctor friend, and i asked him how could i do that? "i want to hold my breath for a really long time. how could it be done?" and he said, "david, you"re a magician, create the illusion of not breathing, it will be much easier." (laughter) so, he came up with this idea of creating a rebreather, with a co2 scrubber, which was basically a tube from home depot, with a balloon duct-taped to it, that he thought we could put inside of me, and somehow be able to circulate the air and rebreathe with this thing in me. this is a little hard to watch. but this is that attempt. so, that clearly wasn"t going to work. (laughter)

我便找了一位醫(yī)生朋友， 詢問他我怎樣才能屏氣那么久， “我想在在水下長時間屏氣。怎么樣才可以做到呢?”我問他， 他回答，“大衛(wèi)，你是魔術(shù)師， 設(shè)計一個不呼吸的假象豈不是更容易?” (笑聲) 他想出這么個點子， 做一個內(nèi)呼吸裝置， 內(nèi)置一個co2 滌氣器， 其實基本上就是一個家用的管子， 再套一個氣球僅此而已。 他認為可以把這個東西放到我身體里， 然后用某種方式可以循環(huán)空氣達到再呼吸的目的。 他是這么把東西放進來的， 這過程看起來會不太舒服... 但那是一次嘗試。 好了，很顯然它是不會起作用的。 (笑聲)

then i actually started thinking about liquid breathing. there is a chemical that"s called perflubron. and it"s so high in o_ygen levels that in theory you could breathe it. so, i got my hands on that chemical, filled the sink up with it, and stuck my face in the sink and tried to breathe that in, which was really impossible. it"s basically like trying to breathe, as a doctor said, while having an elephant standing on your chest. so, that idea disappeared.

接著我開始考慮 試試液體呼吸。 有一種叫全氟化合物的化學(xué)藥劑， 含氧量特別高， 理論上你是可以用它來呼吸。 于是我打算嘗試這種化學(xué)試劑， 將它灌滿水缸，把臉浸在里面， 試著呼吸。 但那實在是不太可能， 基本上就如醫(yī)生所說， 情況如同一頭大象踩住你胸口的同時你還非得呼吸一樣。 這個法子看來也行不通。

then i started thinking, would it be possible to hook up a heart/lung bypass machine and have a surgery where it was a tube going into my artery, and then appear to not breathe while they were o_ygenating my blood? which was another insane idea, obviously.

接著我想到， 有沒有可能在我的心臟和肺之間用機械搭橋， 然后做手術(shù)把管子放入動脈， 表面沒有呼吸但事實上這些裝備在為我的血液供氧? 但這顯然又是另一個瘋狂的想法。

then i thought about the craziest idea of all the ideas: to actually do it. (laughter) to actually try to hold my breath past the point that doctors would consider you brain dead. so, i started researching into pearl divers. you know, because they go down for four minutes on one breath. and when i was researching pearl divers, i found the world of free-diving. it was the most amazing thing that i ever discovered, pretty much. there is many different aspects to free-diving. there is depth records, where people go as deep as they can. and then there is static apnea. that"s holding your breath as long as you can in one place without moving. that was the one that i studied.

后來，我想出了一個最瘋狂的辦法： 那就是，真刀真槍的來。 (笑聲) 去真正憋氣至那一刻， 那連醫(yī)生都認為會腦死亡的時間。 于是我開始搜集 有關(guān)采珠人的信息。 因為他們可以只用一口氣便在水下待4分鐘之久。 而且當(dāng)我在做采珠人調(diào)查時 我發(fā)現(xiàn)了另一番洞天--自由潛水。 它幾乎可以說是我至今發(fā)現(xiàn)最奇妙的事。 自由潛水有很多種， 有深度記錄的，人們可以潛到他們能達到的最大深度， 還有靜止屏氣， 就是能憋氣多久就憋多久， 但必須靜止在一個固定的地方。 那就是我調(diào)查的研究。

the first thing that i learned is when you"re holding your breath you should never move at all; that wastes energy. and that depletes o_ygen, and it builds up co2 in your blood. so, i learned never to move. and i learned how to slow my heart rate down. i had to remain perfectly still and just rela_ and think that i wasn"t in my body, and just control that. and then i learned how to purge. purging is basically hyperventilating. you blow in and out ... you do that, you get lightheaded, you get tingling. and you"re really ridding your body of co2. so, when you hold your breath it"s infinitely easier. then i learned that you have to take a huge breath, and just hold and rela_ and never let any air out, and just hold and rela_ through all the pain.

我學(xué)到的第一個要領(lǐng)就是當(dāng)你在屏氣時 應(yīng)該一動不動，否則會浪費能量， 消耗氧氣， 并會使血液中的co2含量升高。所以我試著不去移動。 我也學(xué)到了怎樣減緩我的心率。 必須去保證一動不動并且非常放松 想象自己已經(jīng)不在身體里， 并且要持續(xù)保持。 然后我學(xué)了怎樣凈化呼吸， 凈化呼吸實際上就是強力呼吸。 呼進，呼出 然后會感到眩暈，耳鳴， 這樣就可以排除身體內(nèi)的co2， 接著當(dāng)你再屏氣的時候，就會感到輕松。 然后我學(xué)到必須要吸很大的一口氣， 憋住，放松，別讓一點兒空漏出去， 憋著并放松著嘗試忍過所有的痛苦感覺。

every morning, this is for months, i would wake up and the first thing that i would do is i would hold my breath for, out of 52 minutes, i would hold my breath for 44 minutes. so, basically what that means is i would purge, i"d breath really hard for a minute. and i would hold, immediately after, for five and half minutes. then i would breath again for a minute, purging as hard as i can, then immediately after that i would hold again for five and half minutes. i would repeat this process eight times in a row. out of 52 minutes you"re only breathing for eight minutes. at the end of that you"re completely fried, your brain. you feel like you"re walking around in a daze. and you have these awful headaches. basically, i"m not the best person to talk to when i"m doing that stuff.

每天早晨，連續(xù)幾個月， 我醒來第一件事 就是屏住呼吸 在52分鐘內(nèi)， 我能憋氣44分鐘。 那就是說我會用凈化呼吸的方式， 用力的呼吸一分鐘 然后就馬上屏氣5分半鐘， 接著再用力呼吸一分鐘， 使最大的力氣去凈化呼吸， 然后馬上再一次屏住呼吸5分半鐘。 我會連續(xù)重復(fù)這樣的過程8次。 在52分鐘內(nèi)，我其實只呼吸8分鐘。 在快要結(jié)束時，我覺得大腦快炸開了， 就好像在一片耀眼中行走， 頭痛欲裂。 似乎我屬于做的出卻描述不出的人。

i started learning about the world-record holder. his name is tom sietas. and this guy is perfectly built for holding his breath. he"s si_ foot four. he"s 160 pounds. and his total lung capacity is twice the size of an average person. i"m si_ foot one, and fat. we"ll say big-boned. (laughter) i had to drop 50 pounds in three months. so, everything that i put into my body i considered as medicine. every bit of food was e_actly what it was for its nutritional value. i ate really small controlled portions throughout the day. and i started to really adapt my body. (laughter)

我開始了解到這個記錄的保持者 叫湯姆 斯塔斯。 這家伙就像是為屏氣而生的， 他有6尺4，160磅重。 而且他的肺活量是 正常人的2倍。 我呢，6尺1寸，很胖， 或者可以硬是說成骨架比較大。 (笑聲) 所以我必須在三個月內(nèi)減掉50磅。 所有放進我嘴里的東西 我都看作是藥物， 每一小塊食物都按照營養(yǎng)價值需要來吃。 一天內(nèi) 我都保持吃非常小量的食物， 漸漸的我開始保持很好的狀態(tài)了。 (笑聲)

the thinner i was, the longer i was able to hold my breath. and by eating so well and training so hard, my resting heart-rate dropped to 38 beats per minute. which is lower than most olympic athletes. in four months of training i was able to hold my breath for over seven minutes. i wanted to try holding my breath everywhere. i wanted to try it in the most e_treme situations to see if i could slow my heart rate down under duress. (laughter)

我越瘦，就越能長時間屏住呼吸。 通過飲食控制搭配艱苦的訓(xùn)練， 我的心率下降到每分鐘38次， 比多數(shù)奧林匹克選手都要低。 在4個月的訓(xùn)練，我已經(jīng)可以屏住呼吸 長達7分鐘之久。 我在任何地方都訓(xùn)練屏氣， 嘗試在極端的環(huán)境下屏氣 檢驗是否可能降低心率 在如此高壓下。 (笑聲)

i decided that i was going to break the world record live on prime-time television. the world record was eight minutes and 58 seconds, held by tom sietas, that guy with the whale lungs i told you about. (laughter) i assumed that i could put a water tank at lincoln center and if i stayed there a week not eating, i would get comfortable in that situation and i would slow my metabolism, which i was sure would help me hold my breath longer than i had been able to do it. i was completely wrong.

終于我準備好要打破世界紀錄， 要在黃金時段的電視頻道直播。 當(dāng)時的世界紀錄是8分58秒， 湯姆，斯塔斯始終保持，我告訴過你們那個家伙有鯨魚一樣大的肺。 (笑聲) 我設(shè)想可以在林肯中心放一個巨型水缸 然后我不吃飯在那里面先待一個禮拜， 就會比較適應(yīng)了， 并且新陳代謝也會緩慢下來， 我很肯定這樣做可以 幫我更長時間的屏住呼吸。 顯然我完全錯了。

i entered the sphere a week before the scheduled air date. and i thought everything seemed to be on track. two days before my big breath hold attempt, for the record, the producers of my television special thought that just watching somebody holding their breath, and almost drowning, is too boring for television. (laughter) so, i had to add handcuffs, while holding my breath, to escape from. this was a critical mistake. because of the movement i was wasting o_ygen. and by seven minutes i had gone into these awful convulsions. by 7:08 i started to black out. and by seven minutes and 30 seconds they had to pull my body out and bring me back. i had failed on every level. (laughter)

我提前一個禮拜去到中心， 感覺一切都漸漸上了軌道， 沒想到的是，在破紀錄憋氣嘗試的前兩天， 電視制作人 突然覺得 光看人憋氣像是快要淹死 對觀眾來說太過無聊。 (笑聲) 于是我不得不加上手銬， 邊屏氣邊試著掙脫它們。 這被證明是個極嚴重的錯誤。 開始后我因為掙脫的動作浪費了很多氧氣， 到第7分鐘我已經(jīng)開始 不住可怕的抽搐中™ 到7分08秒時，我開始失去知覺， 7分30秒的時候 他們必須把我拉出來進行搶救。 我輸?shù)囊凰俊?(笑聲)

so, naturally, the only way out of the slump that i could think of was, i decided to call oprah. (laughter) i told her that i wanted to up the ante and hold my breath longer than any human being ever had. this was a different record. this was a pure o2 static apnea record that guinness had set the world record at 13 minutes. so, basically you breath pure o2 first, o_ygenating your body, flushing out co2, and you are able to hold much longer. i realized that my real competition was the beaver. (laughter)

所以很自然唯一可以擺脫消沉 我可以想到的 就是去找奧普拉。 (笑聲) 我告訴他我要提高賭注 我要屏住呼吸長過所有人。 這是個不同的記錄， 這次是純氧靜止屏氣記錄， 由吉尼斯目前的13分鐘為世界紀錄。 也就是先吸入入純氧, 充沛氧氣，排出二氧化碳。 然后你就可以屏氣更長時間。 當(dāng)時我意識到，我真正的競爭者是-- 海貍。 (笑聲)

in january of "08 oprah gave me four months to prepare and train. so, i would sleep in a hypo_ic tent every night. a hypo_ic tent is a tent that simulates altitude at 15,000 feet. so, it"s like base camp everest. what that does is, you start building up the red blood cell count in your body, which helps you carry o_ygen better. every morning, again, after getting out of that tent your brain is completely wiped out. my first attempt on pure o2, i was able to go up to 15 minutes. so, it was a pretty big success.

2024年1月 奧普拉給了我4個月準備和訓(xùn)練。 我每晚睡在低氧艙里， 所謂低氧艙就是模擬 海拔15000尺的含氧量， 跟終極野營似的。 這么做的原因是， 可以累積體內(nèi)紅細胞的數(shù)目， 幫助你更好的保存氧氣。 每個早晨，同樣的，從低氧艙里出來時 大腦一片空白。 第一次嘗試純氧時，我已經(jīng)可以屏氣15分鐘。 這已經(jīng)算是不小的成功了。

the neurosurgeon pulled me out of the water because in his mind, at 15 minutes your brain is done, you"re brain dead. so, he pulled me up, and i was fine. there was one person there that was definitely not impressed. it was my e_-girlfriend. while i was breaking the record underwater for the first time, she was sifting through my blackberry, checking all my messages. (laughter) my brother had a picture of it. it is really ... (laughter)

當(dāng)那個神經(jīng)外科醫(yī)師把我從水里拉出來時相當(dāng)震驚-- 在他看來，15分鐘不呼吸 你的大腦就完了，腦死亡-- 可是當(dāng)他把我拉出來，我卻狀態(tài)良好， 當(dāng)時肯定有一個人是覺得沒什么大不了， 就是我的前女友。當(dāng)我在水下第一次打破紀錄時， 她卻在翻我的黑莓手機， 檢查我所有的短信。 (笑聲) 我哥哥拍了張當(dāng)時的照片。那真的是... (笑聲)

i then announced that i was going to go for sietas" record, publicly. and what he did in response, is he went on regis and kelly, and broke his old record. then his main competitor went out and broke his record. so, he suddenly pushed the record up to 16 minutes and 32 seconds. which was three minutes longer than i had prepared. you know, it was longer than the record.

終于我宣布 公開挑戰(zhàn)斯塔斯的記錄， 他所做的回應(yīng)， 就是在regis and kelly節(jié)目中， 自己打破他以前的記錄。 然后他的主要競爭者又出來，并再次打破記錄。 這樣，記錄離奇被提到 16分32秒。 比我所做的準備長出3分鐘。 你知道，比原來紀錄長出很多。

now, i wanted to get the science times to document this. i wanted to get them to do a piece on it. so, i did what any person seriously pursuing scientific advancement would do. i walked into the new york times offices and did card tricks to everybody. (laughter) so, i don"t know if it was the magic or the lore of the cayman islands, but john tierney flew down and did a piece on the seriousness of breath-holding.

這下，我打算讓科學(xué)時代雜志來報道這一切， 我希望他們也能參與， 于是，我做了任何一個 嚴謹探索科學(xué)的人都該做的事， 我走進紐約時報的辦公室 給每個人表演紙牌魔術(shù)。 (笑聲) 我不知道是魔術(shù)的原因還是開曼群島的信仰， 約翰，第爾尼被說服了， 還寫了論屏住呼吸之嚴重性的報道。

while he was there i tried to impress him, of course. and i did a dive down to 160 feet, which is basically the height of a 16 story building, and as i was coming up, i blacked out underwater, which is really dangerous; that"s how you drown. luckily kirk had seen me and he swam over and pulled me up. so, i started full focus. i completely trained to get my breath hold time up for what i needed to do. but there was no way to prepare for the live television aspect of it, being on oprah.

當(dāng)他在那兒的時候，我試圖給他深刻印象 于是我猛地下潛了160尺， 大概有16層樓那么高， 可我在上浮過程中，昏了過去， 那是相當(dāng)危險的。那就是人們?nèi)绾文缢摹?幸運的是克爾克看到我 他游過去把我救了上來。 這下我開始全神貫注了。 我徹底嚴格的訓(xùn)練延長屏氣時間， 做我該做的事。 但不可能完全按照將電視直播的方式而準備， 也就是那個奧普拉的節(jié)目。

but in practice, i would do it face down, floating on the pool. but for tv they wanted me to be upright so they could see my face, basically. the other problem was the suit was so buoyant that they had to strap my feet in to keep me from floating up. so, i had to use my legs to hold my feet into the straps that were loose, which was a real problem for me. that made me e_tremely nervous, raising the heart rate.

練習(xí)中，我會面朝下，懸浮在水缸中， 但上電視時，他們卻希望我面朝前， 以便觀眾看見我的臉。 另一個問題是， 那身衣服讓我易懸浮， 所以他們不得不用皮帶綁住我的腳保持我不至上浮， 同時我得用雙腿幫助腳站穩(wěn)在那個松松的皮帶里面， 那對我來說是非常頭疼的事， 因為它導(dǎo)致我極度緊張， 提高了心率。

then, what they also did was, which we never did before, is there was a heart-rate monitor. and it was right ne_t to the sphere. so, every time my heart would beat i"d hear the beep-beep-beep-beep, you know, the ticking, really loud. which was making me more nervous. and there is no way to slow my heart rate down. so, normally i would start at 38 beats per minute, and while holding my breath it would drop to 12 beats per minute, which is pretty unusual. (laughter) this time it started at 120 beats, and it never went down.

除此之外，他們還裝了， 我以前從未試過的，就是裝了一個心率監(jiān)測器 它就在放置在我的球型水缸旁邊， 所以，每一次我心跳動時，都會聽到嗶嗶的聲音。 你知道，那個聲音，非常吵。 它導(dǎo)致我更加緊張。 而且我竟然沒有辦法去降低心率。 一般情況下 我的心率是每分鐘38次， 而且當(dāng)我屏住呼吸時它會降到每分鐘12次， 這是可是很不尋常的。 (笑聲) 這一次，它卻以每分鐘120次作為開始， 再也沒有降下去。

i spent the first five minutes underwater desperately trying to slow my heart rate down. i was just sitting there thinking, "i"ve got to slow this down. i"m going to fail, i"m going to fail." and i was getting more nervous. and the heart rate just kept going up and up, all the way up to 150 beats. basically it"s the same thing that created my downfall at lincoln center. it was a waste of o2. when i made it to the halfway mark, at eight minutes, i was 100 percent certain that i was not going to be able to make this. there was no way for me to do it.

在水下前5分鐘 我瘋狂的嘗試降低心率， 當(dāng)時我只不住地想，“我必須讓心率減速 我要失敗了，我要失敗了。” 而且我越來越緊張。 心率一直飆升， 直到每分鐘150次。 其實就是出現(xiàn)了和倫敦中心失敗時一樣的情況， 心跳過快浪費氧氣. 當(dāng)我堅持到一半的時候，大概8分鐘時， 我已經(jīng)百分百確定 我不會成功了。 我根本做不到。

so, i figured, oprah had dedicated an hour to doing this breath hold thing, if i had cracked early it would be a whole show about how depressed i am. (laughter) so, i figured i"m better off just fighting and staying there until i black out, at least then they can pull me out and take care of me and all that. (laughter)

然后，我想，奧普拉貢獻一整個小時 來做這個水下屏氣的節(jié)目。如果我早早失敗了 它就會變成一個描述我失敗后如何沮喪的節(jié)目。 (笑聲) 所以，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我還是最好強撐著， 直到昏過去， 至少這樣他們可以先把我拉出來再搶救什么的。 (笑聲)

i kept pushing to 10 minutes. at 10 minutes you start getting all these really strong tingling sensations in your fingers and toes. and i knew that that was blood shunting, when the blood rushes away from your e_tremities to provide o_ygen to your vital organs. at 11 minutes i started feeling throbbing sensations in my legs, and my lips started to feel really strange.

我一直堅持到10分鐘，在第十分鐘時 我開始有這種非常強烈的 手指和腳趾鎮(zhèn)痛的感覺。 我知道那是血液分流， 也就是血液從肢端回流 去為重要的器官供氧。 在第11分鐘，我開始感到 腿部的抽搐感， 而且嘴唇感覺奇怪。

at minute 12 i started to have ringing in my ears, and i started to feel my arm going numb. and i"m a hypochondriac, and i remember arm numb means heart attack. so, i started to really get really paranoid. then at 13 minutes, maybe because of the hypochondria. i started feeling pains all over my chest. it was awful. at 14 minutes, i had these awful contractions, like this urge to breathe. (laughter)

在第12分鐘我開始耳鳴， 而且胳膊開始麻木。 我是個憂郁癥患者，我記起任何的麻木意味著心臟病。 于是我開始恐慌起來。 然后在第13分鐘，可能由于憂郁癥， 我感到胸前巨痛。 太難受了。 在第14分鐘， 我有一種強烈的欲望， 想要呼吸的欲望。 (笑聲)

at 15 minutes i was suffering major o2 deprivation to the heart. and i started having ischemia to the heart. my heartbeat would go from 120, to 50, to 150, to 40, to 20, to 150 again. it would skip a beat. it would start. it would stop. and i felt all this. and i was sure that i was going to have a heart attack. so, at 16 minutes what i did is i slid my feet out because i knew that if i did go out, if i did have a heart attack, they"d have to jump into the binding and take my feet out before pulling me up. so, i was really nervous.

在第15分鐘，我遭受 心臟缺氧的癥狀， 心臟開始供血不足， 心率從120， 下降到50，又從150到40，20，又到150. 它會忽然停跳一拍， 時而開始，時而停止。而且我能感受到這發(fā)生的一切。 我很確定我快要心臟病了。 于是在第16分鐘，我把腳滑出扣帶 因為我知道如果我確實要離開水面， 或是突發(fā)心臟病， 他們會先跳進來松開我的腳上的扣帶 再拉我出水。所以我非常緊張。

so, i let my feet out, and i started floating to the top. and i didn"t take my head out. but i was just floating there waiting for my heart to stop, just waiting. they had doctors with the "pst," you know, so, sitting there waiting. and then suddenly i hear screaming. and i think that there is some weird thing -- that i had died or something had happened. and then i realized that i had made it to 16:32. so, with the energy of everybody that was there i decided to keep pushing. and i went to 17 minutes and four seconds. (applause)

我松開了我的腳，開始任由身體上浮， 但我沒有把頭伸出水面， 我只是，等待我心跳停止的那一刻... 等待著... 你知道他們有神經(jīng)科的醫(yī)生 坐在那里等著搶救我。 突然，我聽到尖叫聲， 我想一定是很瘋狂的事發(fā)生了， 比如我死了之類的。 然而我突然意識到，我堅持到了16：32! 在場每一位觀眾釋放出來給予我的能量 讓我決定繼續(xù)堅持... 我堅持到了,17分30秒。 (掌聲)

as though that wasn"t enough, what i did immediately after is i went to quest labs and had them take every blood sample that they could to test for everything and to see where my levels were, so the doctors could use it, once again. i also didn"t want anybody to question it. i had the world record and i wanted to make sure it was legitimate.

即使那還不夠，在出來之后我立刻 去了實驗室 他們盡可能地提取了各處的血液樣本 以測試所有指標(biāo)以及我的狀況， 那樣醫(yī)生就可以把它們記錄在案。 當(dāng)然我不希望任何人懷疑， 我創(chuàng)造了世界紀錄，我當(dāng)然希望 確定它是堂堂正正的。

so, i get to new york city the ne_t day, and this kid walks up to me -- i"m walking out of the apple store -- this kid walks up to me he"s like, "yo, d!" i"m like "yeah?" he said, "if you really held your breath that long, why"d you come out of the water dry?" i was like "what?" (laughter) and that"s my life. so ... (laughter)

這樣第二天我去了紐約， 有個小孩朝我走過來--我剛走出“蘋果”-- 這孩子走向我，說，“嘿，大衛(wèi)!” 我說“怎么了?” 他說，“如果你真的可以水下屏氣那么久， 為什么你從水里出來的時候是干的?” 我沒反應(yīng)過來“什么?” (笑聲) 這就是我的生活。你瞧... (笑聲)

as a magician i try to show things to people that seem impossible. and i think magic, whether i"m holding my breath or shuffling a deck of cards, is pretty simple. it"s practice, it"s training, and it"s -- it"s practice, it"s training and e_perimenting, while pushing through the pain to be the best that i can be. and that"s what magic is to me, so, thank you. (applause)

作為一個魔術(shù)師，我試著展現(xiàn)一些東西 那些看似不可能的事。 我認為魔術(shù)，不管是水下屏氣 還是搗鼓一副紙牌， 道理都很簡單。 就是練習(xí)，訓(xùn)練，以及... 就是練習(xí)，訓(xùn)練，以及不斷嘗試。 去強忍過那些極痛苦的時刻，做自己能做的一切。 這就是魔術(shù)對于我的意義。謝謝你們。 (掌聲)

如何英語演講稿 模板18

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如何英語演講稿 模板19

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1．根據(jù)聽眾對象，注意演講的總體措詞

演講的總體措詞是嚴肅一些還是活潑一些，是有較明顯的說教口氣還是用平等的口吻，等等，都要根據(jù)聽眾對象而定。如果場下聽眾是同齡的學(xué)生，那么演講的內(nèi)容只要風(fēng)趣一些往往就能引起共鳴。但另一方面，如果聽眾大多是上了年紀的教師，太多的笑料反而會被認為"不嚴肅"，"不尊重"，而引起反感。

用英語演講，不要用太多 i feel, i think，老是用i，顯得十分主觀，狹隘。如果通篇全是 i feel, i

think 的內(nèi)容，會給人覺得缺乏說服力。另外，perhaps, maybe

這樣的詞語，雖然有"客氣，謙虛"的成分，但太多會讓人覺得你演講的內(nèi)容有不可靠之處。

還有，在演講中，要少用you，多用we。用you等于把自己與聽眾對立起來，而用we則拉近了與聽眾的距離。比如：you

should not smoke．聽上去像教訓(xùn)人，而 let"s not smoke聽起來是一個不錯的建議。

2．演講要越短越好 of the people, by the people, for the

people(民有，民治，民享)已成為不朽佳句。對于中學(xué)生來說，這篇演講現(xiàn)在讀起來一定會覺得很難，但要寫好英語演講，這確實是值得認真研讀的經(jīng)典之作。

gettysburg address

four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth on

this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and

dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that

nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long

endure.

we are met on a great battlefield of that war. we have come to

dedicate a portion of the field as a final resting-place for

those who here gave their lives that the nation might live. it

is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. but

in a larger sense we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we

cannot hallow this ground.

the brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have

consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract.

the world will little note, nor long remember, what we say

here, but it can never forget what they did here.

it is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the

unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so

nobly advanced. it is rather for us to be here dedicated to

the great task remaining before us, ----that from these

honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for

which they gave the last full measure of devotion, ----that we

here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in

vain, ----that this nation, under god, shall have a new birth

of freedom, ----and that government of the people, by the

people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

其實，我們中學(xué)生練習(xí)寫演講稿，可以短些，從4～5分鐘，500～600個詞，圍繞一個主題開始練習(xí)。

3．英語演講稿的基本組成部分

從大的方面看，英語演講詞實際上是屬于一種特殊的說明文或議論文，其基本組成部分是：

1)開始時對聽眾的稱呼語

最常用的是 ladies and gentlemen，也可根據(jù)不同情況，選用 fellow students,

distinguished guests, mr chairman, honorable judges(評委)等等。

2)提出論題

由于演講的時間限制，必須開門見山，提出論題。提出論題的方法有各種各樣，但最生動，最能引起注意的是用舉例法。比如：你要呼吁大家關(guān)心貧窮地區(qū)的孩子，你可以用親眼看到的或者收集到的那些貧窮孩子多么需要幫助的實例開始。另外，用具體的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)也是一個有效的引出論題的方法，比如：你要談遵守交通規(guī)則的話題，你可以從舉一系列有關(guān)車輛、車禍等的數(shù)據(jù)開始。

3)論證

對提出的論題，不可主觀地妄下結(jié)論，而要進行客觀的論證。這是演講中最需要下功夫的部分。關(guān)鍵是要把道理講清楚。常見的論證方法有舉例法、因果法、對比法等等，可參見英語議論文的有關(guān)章節(jié)。

4)結(jié)論

結(jié)論要簡明扼要，以給聽眾留下深刻印象。

5)結(jié)尾

結(jié)尾要簡潔，不要拉拉扯扯，說個沒完。特別是不要受漢語影響，說些類似"準備不足，請諒解"，"請批評指正"這樣的廢話。最普通的結(jié)尾就是：thank

you very much for your attention。

4．英語演講稿的語言特征

1)多用實詞，多用短句，少用結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的長句

在英語演講中，and, but, so, then 等虛詞要盡量少用，that, which

等詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句也只會使句子結(jié)構(gòu)變得復(fù)雜，而使聽眾難以跟上演講者的思路，從而影響演講的效果。相反，多使用實詞，短句，可使得演講內(nèi)容更清晰，氣勢更磅礴。

2)演講要注意使用各種修辭手法，增加演講的感染力和氣勢。英語演講中常用的修辭手法有：漸進(clima_)、對照(antithesis)、排比(parallelism)、警句(epigram)等等，例如：

that government of the people, by the people, for the people

shall not perish from the earth．(排比)

這個民有、民治、民享的國家將不會從地球上消失。

united, there is little we can not do; divided, there is

little we can do．(對照)

團結(jié)，我們便將無所不能；分裂，我們則會一事無成。

let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that

we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship,

support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and

the success of liberty． (對照和漸進)

讓世界各國都知道，無論對我們懷有好感與敵意，我們將付出任何代價，肩負任何重任，面對任何艱辛，支持任何朋友，反對任何敵人，以確保自由的生存與成功。

what we should fear most is the fear itself．(警句)

我們最應(yīng)恐懼的是恐懼本身。

ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do

for your country．(對照)

不要問你們的國家能為你們做些什么，而要問你們能為你們的國家做些什么。

設(shè)想一下，假如在我們的演講中能融入上述這樣運用得當(dāng)?shù)男揶o手段，那我們的演講將會變得多么有力與動人

如何英語演講稿 模板20

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how to make hard choices

演講者：ruth chang

| 中英對照演講稿 |

think of a hard choice you"ll face in the near future. it might be between two careers--artist and accountant--or places to live--the city or the country--or even between two people to marry--you could marry betty or you could marry lolita. or it might be a choice about whether to have children, to have an ailing parent move in with you, to raise your child in a religion that your partner lives by but leaves you cold. or whether to donate your life savings to charity.

設(shè)想在不久的未來，你將面對一個艱難的決定。這也許是在兩份職業(yè)中做出一個選擇，藝術(shù)家還是會計師;也許是選擇居住的地方，城市還是鄉(xiāng)村;也許是在兩個人中選擇和誰結(jié)婚，betty 或者是lolita;抑或思考是否要孩子;是否讓年老體衰的父母跟你一起住;是否讓你的孩子信奉你配偶信仰的宗教，即便你會因自身不信奉而被冷落;又或者說，是否將畢生積儲捐贈給慈善機構(gòu)。

chances are, the hard choice you thought of was something big, something momentous, something that matters to you. hard choices seem to be occasions for agonizing, hand-wringing, the gnashing of teeth. but i think we"ve misunderstood hard choices and the role they play in our lives. understanding hard choicesuncovers a hidden power each of us possesses.

有可能，你所思考的這些艱難抉擇都十分龐大，十分重要你也十分重視。每當(dāng)困難的選擇出現(xiàn)，他都會讓你感到痛苦、絕望，讓你咬牙切齒。但我認為我們誤解了艱難抉擇的定義，更誤解了其在我們生活中扮演的角色。倘若能理解這些艱難決定，我們每個人便會發(fā)掘出 一種隱藏的潛力。

what makes a choice hard is the way the alternatives relate. in any easy choice, one alternative is better than the other. in a hard choice, one alternative is better in some ways, the other alternative is better in other ways, and neither is better than the other overall. you agonize over whether to stay in your current job in the city or uproot your life for more challenging work in the country, because staying is better in some ways,moving is better in others, and neither is better than the other overall.

一個抉擇之所以難是由于選項之間相互關(guān)聯(lián)。任何簡單的抉擇中，總有一種選擇比另一種要好?？稍谄D難抉擇中，一種選擇在某些方面較好，另一種選擇在其他方面較好，二者各有千秋讓人無法定奪。你痛苦地糾結(jié)于應(yīng)該繼續(xù)呆在這座城市里干這份工作，還是改變一下你的生活方式到鄉(xiāng)村去接受更具挑戰(zhàn)性的工作，因為留下有留下的好處，離開也有好處，兩種選擇各有千秋難以定奪。

we shouldn"t think that all hard choices are big. let"s say you"re deciding what to have for breakfast. you could have high fiber bran cereal or a chocolate donut. suppose what matters in the choice is tastiness and healthfulness. the cereal is better for you, the donut tastes way better, but neither is better than the other overall, a hard choice.

我們不應(yīng)該認為所有的艱難抉擇都很龐大。打個比方，你正決定吃什么早餐。你可以吃高纖維全谷干麥片，或者吃巧克力甜甜圈。假設(shè)在此抉擇中的決定性因素是美味程度和健康程度。麥片對你身體好，甜甜圈卻好吃很多，但兩者都有自身優(yōu)勢，這就是一個艱難抉擇。

realizing that small choices can also be hard, may make big hard choices seem less intractable. after all, we manage to figure out what to have for breakfast, so maybe we can figure out whether to stay in the city or uproot for the new job in the country.

如果意識到小的選擇也可能會變得困難，那面對大的艱難抉擇時我們可能就不會覺得那么棘手了。畢竟，我們總能決定早餐吃什么，所以我們也許能夠想明白，究竟要留在市區(qū)，還是到鄉(xiāng)下接手新的工作。

we also shouldn"t think that hard choices are hard because we are stupid. when i graduated from college, i couldn"t decide between two careers, philosophy and law. i really loved philosophy. there are amazing things you can learn as a philosopher, and all from the comfort of an armchair. but i came from a modest immigrant family where my idea of lu_ury was having a pork tongue and jelly sandwich in my school lunchbo_, so the thought of spending my whole life sitting around in armchairs just thinking ... well, that struck me as the height of e_travagance and frivolity.

同時，我們也不應(yīng)該覺得，選擇之所以難是因為自己很愚蠢。在我剛大學(xué)畢業(yè)的時候，我無法從兩種職業(yè)中抉擇，哲學(xué)還是法律。我真心喜歡哲學(xué)，若能成為哲學(xué)家，便能學(xué)到很多驚奇的東西，而且舒舒服服地坐在椅子上就好?？晌页錾砸粋€樸實簡素的移民家庭，我對奢侈的概念，就是能在上學(xué)的午餐盒里找到一塊豬舌和一份果凍三明治。所以這種一輩子僅坐在椅子上思考的想法，其實，對我來說只是一種奢侈和輕浮的假象罷了。

so i got out my yellow pad, i drew a line down the middle, and i tried my best to think of the reasons for and against each alternative. i remember thinking to myself, if only i knew what my life in each career would be like. if only god or netfli_ would send me a dvd of my two possible future careers, i"d be set. i"d compare them side by side, i"d see that one was better, and the choice would be easy.

所以我拿出自己黃色筆記本，在中間劃了一條線，然后竭盡所能地寫出每種選擇的利與弊。當(dāng)時我就想：如果能知道選擇某種職業(yè)后我的人生會變成怎樣就好了。如果上帝或者網(wǎng)飛公司能送我一張dvd來向我描述這兩種充滿可能性的職業(yè)生涯，那我就能做出選擇了。我就能一一對比，看看哪種更好，這樣一來抉擇就簡單多了。

but i got no dvd, and because i couldn"t figure out which was better, i did what many of us do in hard choices: i took the safest option. fear of being an unemployed philosopher led me to become a lawyer, and as i discovered, lawyering didn"t quite fit. it wasn"t who i was.

但我沒有收到這種dvd，而且由于我實在想不出哪一種更優(yōu)，我就和大多數(shù)人一樣：選擇了最安全的一項。成為失業(yè)哲學(xué)家的恐懼，驅(qū)使我成了一名律師。可后來我發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)律師不大適合我，這不是真正的我。

so now i"m a philosopher, and i study hard choices, and i can tell you, that fear of the unknown, while a common motivational default in dealing with hard choices, rests on a misconception of them.

所以我現(xiàn)在是名哲學(xué)家，我鉆研艱難抉擇，我可以告訴大家，對未知產(chǎn)生恐懼是在進行困難抉擇時的自然反應(yīng)，而這種恐懼來源于對艱難抉擇的誤解。

it"s a mistake to think that in hard choices, one alternative really is better than the other, but we"re too stupid to know which, and since we don"t know which, we might as well take the least risky option. even taking two alternatives side by side with full information, a choice can still be hard. hard choices are hard not because of us or our ignorance; they"re hard because there is no best option.

我們不應(yīng)該認為，在艱難抉擇中某種選擇總會會比另一種好，可我們自身太愚蠢，所以無法辨別，那既然我們無法定奪，倒不如選風(fēng)險最小的那項。就算你完全了解了兩種選項并將其一一對照，你仍然很難決定。選擇之所以難，不是因為我們無知;難的原因在于沒有最優(yōu)選項。

now, if there"s no best option, if the scales don"t tip in favor of one alternative over another, then surely the alternatives must be equally good. so maybe the right thing to say in hard choices is that they"re between equally good options. but that can"t be right. if alternatives are equally good, you should just flip a coin between them, and it seems a mistake to think, here"s how you should decide between careers, places to live, people to marry: flip a coin.

那么，如果沒有最佳項，如果衡量的天秤不會傾向于 任何一方，那么任何選項都一定是好的。所以面對艱難抉擇，可能正確的思維方式，就是認為選項雙方一樣好。這種想法肯定不對。如果選項都一樣好，那還不如直接拋硬幣算了，這樣就會產(chǎn)生思想誤區(qū)，讓你認為自己選擇事業(yè)、住處、婚嫁時都拋硬幣選擇就好了。

there"s another reason for thinking that hard choices aren"t choices between equally good options. suppose you have a choice between two jobs: you could be an investment banker or a graphic artist. there are a variety of things that matter in such a choice, like the e_citement of the work, achieving financial security,having time to raise a family, and so on.

還有另外一個原因，使艱難選擇并非是在同等好的選項中抉擇。 假設(shè)你要在兩份工作中挑選： 你可以做投資銀行家，或做平面設(shè)計師。在這個選擇當(dāng)中有頗多決定性因素，譬如工作帶來的興奮程度、能獲得的經(jīng)濟保障、顧家時間等等。

maybe the artist"s career puts you on the cutting edge of new forms of pictorial e_pression. maybe the banking career puts you on the cutting edge of new forms of financial manipulation.

也許藝術(shù)家這個職業(yè)能讓你接觸最前沿的圖像表達技術(shù)。或許當(dāng)銀行家你就能接觸最前端的金融操縱手段。你可以想象任何兩種你喜歡的職業(yè)，但兩者都不會比另一方好的。

imagine the two jobs however you like, so that neither is better than the other.now suppose we improve one of them, a bit. suppose the bank, wooing you, adds 500 dollars a month to your salary. does the e_tra money now make the banking job better than the artist one? not necessarily. a higher salary makes the banking job better than it was before, but it might not be enough to make being a banker better than being an artist.

現(xiàn)在，假設(shè)我們能稍微改進其中的一方。假設(shè)一間銀行嘗試討好你，在你的月薪里增加500美元。這一筆額外的金錢會不會讓這份銀行家的工作優(yōu)于當(dāng)藝術(shù)家呢?說不準。更高的薪酬讓銀行家的工作優(yōu)于以前，但額外薪水不一定足夠讓成為銀行家變得比成為藝術(shù)家好。

but if an improvement in one of the jobs doesn"t make it better than the other, then the two original jobs could not have been equally good. if you start with two things that are equally good, and you improve one of them, it now must be better than the other. that"s not the case with options in hard choices.

可如果對其中一種職業(yè)進行改進后結(jié)果并沒有讓一方優(yōu)于另一方，那么兩種選擇本身就不可能是一樣好。如果兩件事一開始都同等的好 ，當(dāng)你改進了其中一件，那它就一定會優(yōu)于另一個。在艱難抉擇中并非如此。

so now we"ve got a puzzle. we"ve got two jobs. neither is better than the other, nor are they equally good.so how are we supposed to choose? something seems to have gone wrong here. maybe the choice itself is problematic, and comparison is impossible. but that can"t be right. it"s not like we"re trying to choose between two things that can"t be compared. we"re weighing the merits of two jobs, after all, not the merits of the number nine and a plate of fried eggs. a comparison of the overall merits of two jobs is something we can make, and one we often do make.

那么現(xiàn)在我們就有一個疑惑了。這兩份工作，沒有一方能完勝另一方，但又不是同等的好。究竟該怎么選擇呢? 貌似有些事情出錯了。可能選項的本身就存在問題，導(dǎo)致我們無法比較。但這也不對啊。我們并不是要在兩種不能被對比的事物間選擇。我們說到底是在衡量兩份工作的利弊，不是對比數(shù)字9和 一盤煎雞蛋的好處。對比兩份工作的總體優(yōu)勢是我們能做到的，也是我們經(jīng)常做的事。

i think the puzzle arises because of an unreflective assumption we make about value. we unwittingly assume that values like justice, beauty, kindness, are akin to scientific quantities, like length, mass and weight. take any comparative question not involving value, such as which of two suitcases is heavier. there are only three possibilities.

我認為疑惑產(chǎn)生的原因源于一種我們對價值的草率設(shè)想。我們不知不覺地認為，諸如正義、美麗、善良的價值觀都與一些科學(xué)度量類似，都能被量度，譬如長度、質(zhì)量、重量。試想一個與價值觀毫不相關(guān)的比較，例如兩個行李箱中哪個更重。僅有三種可能性。

the weight of one is greater, lesser or equal to the weight of the other. properties like weight can be represented by real numbers -- one, two, three and so on -- and there are only three possible comparisons between any two real numbers. one number is greater, lesser, or equal to the other.not so with values.

其中一個的重量大于、小于 或等于另一個。像重量這樣的性質(zhì)能夠用真實的數(shù)字來表達——1,2,3…… 而且在兩個數(shù)字間的比較中只有三種可能。一個數(shù)字大于、小于或等于另一個數(shù)字價值觀卻不是如此。

as post-enlightenment creatures, we tend to assume that scientific thinking holds the key to everything of importance in our world, but the world of value is different from the world of science. the stuff of the one world can be quantified by real numbers. the stuff of the other world can"t. we shouldn"t assume that the world of is, of lengths and weights, has the same structure as the world of ought, of what we should do.

作為后啟蒙時期的生物，我們總是設(shè)想科學(xué)思維可以解決世界上一切重要的問題，但價值觀的世界不同于科學(xué)的世界?？茖W(xué)界中， 一切事物可被數(shù)字度量?？蓛r值觀的世界中卻不能。我們不能認為充斥著"是否"、"長度"和"重量"的數(shù)字世界與"該不該"和"該做什么"的價值世界有著同樣的架構(gòu)。

so if what matters to us -- a child"s delight, the love you have for your partner — can"t be represented by real numbers, then there"s no reason to believe that in choice, there are only three possibilities -- that one alternative is better, worse or equal to the other. we need to introduce a new, fourth relation beyond being better, worse or equal, that describes what"s going on in hard choices. i like to say that the alternatives are "on a par."

所以，如果我們覺得重要的東西，如：孩子的幸福、對另一半的愛，不能用數(shù)字來表示， 那么我們就沒有理由相信， 在抉擇過程中只有三種可能性： 其中一選項總會優(yōu)于、劣于或等于另一項。我們需要一種全新的思考維度，第四種關(guān)系除了優(yōu)于、劣于和等于之外，第四種關(guān)系能描述艱難抉擇的運行模式。我偏好把各選項看做 "等價"。

when alternatives are on a par, it may matter very much which you choose, but one alternative isn"t better than the other. rather, the alternatives are in the same neighborhood of value, in the same league of value, while at the same time being very different in kind of value. that"s why the choice is hard.

當(dāng)所有選項等價時，你的選擇就變得極為重要，但選項本身卻沒有哪個比其他的好。反之，所有的選擇項都有類似的價值，都處于同一種價值范疇當(dāng)中，但同時他們又具有不同的價值。這正是讓選擇變得困難的原因。

understanding hard choices in this way uncovers something about ourselves we didn"t know. each of us has the power to create reasons. imagine a world in which every choice you face is an easy choice, that is, there"s always a best alternative. if there"s a best alternative, then that"s the one you should choose,because part of being rational is doing the better thing rather than the worse thing, choosing what you have most reason to choose.

如此理解艱難抉擇，我們就會在自己身上發(fā)現(xiàn)一些意料之外的東西。我們每個人都有能力去創(chuàng)造理由。想象一下若在某個世界中你只需面對簡單抉擇，那么，永遠都有最佳項。若有最佳項，你就應(yīng)該選它，因為保持理智就意味著選好的不選壞的，選最合理的。

in such a world, we"d have most reason to wear black socks instead of pink socks,to eat cereal instead of donuts, to live in the city rather than the country, to marry betty instead of lolita. a world full of only easy choices would enslave us to reasons.

在這樣的世界里，我們有充足的理由去穿黑襪子而不穿粉色襪子，去吃干麥片不吃甜甜圈，去留在城市里不轉(zhuǎn)向鄉(xiāng)區(qū)，去娶betty而不娶lolita。充滿簡單抉擇的世界，會讓我們成為"原由"的奴隸。

when you think about it,it"s nuts to believe that the reasons given to you dictated that you had most reason to pursue the e_act hobbies you do, to live in the e_act house you do, to work at the e_act job you do. instead, you faced alternatives that were on a par -- hard choices -- and you made reasons for yourself to choose that hobby, that house and that job.

當(dāng)你這樣想，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己一定是瘋了才會相信 擺在你面前的選擇會決定你追尋各種事物的理由，會決定你的愛好，讓你住現(xiàn)在的房子，讓你選現(xiàn)在的工作。事實上，當(dāng)你面對的是多個選擇，多個等價的選擇，困難的選擇，你會為自己制造理由來選擇這項愛好、這所房子和這份工作。

when alternatives are on a par, the reasons given to us, the ones that determine whether we"re making a mistake, are silent as to what to do. it"s here, in the space of hard choices, that we get to e_ercise our normative power -- the power to create reasons for yourself, to make yourself into the kind of person for whom country living is preferable to the urban life.

當(dāng)各選項等價時， 我們面前的各種理性原由， 這些讓我們分清對錯的原由， 都無法給予我們一個答案。 唯有在這個有艱難抉擇的世界里， 我們才能鍛煉自己的 規(guī)范性力量，以創(chuàng)造自我的原由， 讓自己變成 心中想成為的人， 一種更喜愛鄉(xiāng)村生活而不是城市生活的人。

when we choose between options that are on a par, we can do something really rather remarkable. we can put our very selves behind an option. here"s where i stand. here"s who i am, i am for banking. i am for chocolate donuts.

當(dāng)我們需要在等價選項間抉擇時，我們能做出一些十分了不起的事。我們能把自身放在一個選項之后。(說道)這就是我的選擇，這就是我。我選銀行業(yè)。我選巧克力甜甜圈。

this response in hard choices is a rational response, but it"s not dictated by reasons given to us. rather, it"s supported by reasons created by us. when we create reasons for ourselves to become this kind of person rather than that, we wholeheartedly become the people that we are. you might say that we become the authors of our own lives.

在艱難抉擇中，這種反應(yīng)是一種理性反應(yīng)，但卻不是由我們面前的各種原由所決定的。反而，這是由我們自己創(chuàng)造的理由所支撐起來的。當(dāng)我們?yōu)樽晕覄?chuàng)造原由去成為這種人而非那種人時，我們就打心底里完完全全地成就了真正的自己。你可以說，我們成了譜寫自我人生篇章的作者。

so when we face hard choices, we shouldn"t beat our head against a wall trying to figure out which alternative is better. there is no best alternative. instead of looking for reasons out there, we should be looking for reasons in here: who am i to be? you might decide to be a pink sock-wearing, cereal-loving, country-living banker, and i might decide to be a black sock-wearing, urban, donut-loving artist. what we do in hard choices is very much up to each of us.

所以當(dāng)面對艱難抉擇，不應(yīng)該拿腦袋撞墻絞盡腦汁地去想哪個選項更優(yōu)。最佳項并不存在。與其在外界苦命尋找理由，我們該往心里找： 我想成為什么樣的人?你可能會決定成為一個穿粉色襪子、愛好干麥片，還住在鄉(xiāng)村的銀行家。而我可能會決定成為一個穿黑襪子，住在城市里，喜歡吃甜甜圈的藝術(shù)家。面臨艱難抉擇時的反應(yīng)很大程度上 取決于我們自己每個人。

now, people who don"t e_ercise their normative powers in hard choices are drifters. we all know people like that. i drifted into being a lawyer. i didn"t put my agency behind lawyering. i wasn"t for lawyering. drifters allow the world to write the story of their lives. they let mechanisms of reward and punishment -- pats on the head, fear, the easiness of an option -- to determine what they do. so the lesson of hard choices: reflect on what you can put your agency behind, on what you can be for, and through hard choices, become that person.

那些不鍛煉自己規(guī)范性力量的人會成為"漂流者"。我們都認識那樣的人。我(被理性原由限定)"漂流"成了律師。我并沒有全身心投入到律師業(yè)務(wù)當(dāng)中。我不適合當(dāng)律師。漂流者允許這個世界譜寫他們的生命篇章(被拖著走)。他們讓獎罰機制—— 鼓勵、畏懼、選擇的簡單性——來決定自己的道路。所以艱難抉擇教會我們要審視自己能把身心與精力放到何處，自己究竟追求什么，并通過困難抉擇來成為那種人。

far from being sources of agony and dread, hard choices are precious opportunities for us to celebrate what is special about the human condition, that the reasons that govern our choices as correct or incorrectsometimes run out, and it is here, in the space of hard choices, that we have the power to create reasons for ourselves to become the distinctive people that we are. and that"s why hard choices are not a curse but a godsend.

艱難抉擇不是痛苦和恐懼的來源，而是難得的機遇讓我們慶幸人類有如此特殊的選擇權(quán)利，慶幸有時候區(qū)分選擇正誤的理性原由會用盡，而且，慶幸有在這個具有艱難抉擇的世界里，我們有能力去為自己創(chuàng)造理由，去成為與眾不同的自己。這就是為什么，艱難抉擇不是一種詛咒，而是天賜之物。

thank you.(applause)

謝謝(掌聲)